Список материалов
PIPELINE TRANSPORT
PIPELINE TRANSPORT, a type of transport, performing the transfer of liquid, gaseous or solid products through pipelines. Depending on the purpose and location, there is trunk P.t. (gas pipelines, oil pipelines, oil product pipelines) and industrial P.t. (process pipelines). P.t. also includes municipal...
PLACER AND ORE GOLD
PLACER AND ORE GOLD, 1) mineral of the class of native elements, Au; 2) natural mineral formations containing gold in the quantities, which make it economically expedient to be extracted with the help of modern industrial methods. Placer gold is found in the form of natural alloys with silver (up...
PLAIN STEEL WIRE
PLAIN STEEL WIRE. Production of plain steel wire, both galvanized and uncoated, is carried out by the Beloretsk Metallurgical Plant (Bashkortostan). The RB is ranked number two (20.5%) among Russian P.s.w. manufacturers (2016).
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PLAINS
PLAINS, areas of land, seabed and ocean floor, characterized by weak dismemberment and low absolute elevations. The following types of P. are distinguished on land: by height — lowland (up to 200 m), elevated (up to 500 m), highland (above 500 m); by surface shape — flat, wavy, rolling, hilly, etc;...
PLANETARIUM
PLANETARIUM, Ufa Scientific and Educational Institution, where images of the starry sky and space objects are projected onto a hemispherical screen (dome) using optical-mechanical projectors and digital technologies; lectures and audio/ video programs about the Earth and the Universe are also...
PLANT GROWING
PLANT GROWING, a branch of agriculture concerned with cultivation of crops for further manufacture of horticultural products (human food products, fodder for livestock breeding, raw materials for various branches of industry). It includes the following branches: field crop production, vegetable growing,...
PLANT SELECTION
PLANT SELECTION, the breeding of plant varieties and hybrids; a branch of agronomy. The main direction is to increase yield, quality of products, resistance to frost, drought, salt, disease, pests and herbicides, ecologic plasticity, responsiveness to fertilizers, etc. Since the beginning of the 20th...
PLAY, MORDOVIAN SQUEEZEBOX
“PLAY, MORDOVIAN SQUEEZEBOX!” (“Sedyak, Erzyan garmoniya!”), a r e g i o n a l f e s t i v a l. It is held in the village Naumkino in Aurgazinsky district of the RB in order to revive and preserve the traditions and rituals of Mordovia, develop folk instrumental performance, and strengthen interethnic...
PLECHEV, Vladimir Vyacheslavovich
PLECHEV, Vladimir Vyacheslavovich (b.18.9.1949 in Ufa), Surgeon. Acad. of the AS RB (2018), Dr.Sci (Medical Sciences) (1990), Full Professor (1991). Merited Master of Sciences of the RF (1999), Merited Doctor of the RF (2010) and RB (1995), Excellent Worker of Public Health of the RB (2007). Laureate...
PODICIPEDIFORMES
PODICIPEDIFORMES, an order of birds. There is 1 known family with about 20 species. There are 4 species in the RB. Migratory birds are of average sizes (body length range of 28–50 cm, and body mass range of 200–1500 g), the males are bigger. They feed on aqueous invertebrates, some P. eat small fish....
POISONOUS ANIMALS
POISONOUS ANIMALS, the organisms that contain substances, which are poisonous for other species. There are about 5000 P.a. species known, their poisoning capacity depends on age, gender, nutrition, etc. P.a. pollinate plants (bees, bumblebees), regulate number of agricultural and forest crops pests,...
POISONOUS PLANTS
POISONOUS PLANTS, the species of flora, which produce and accumulate toxic substances, which can cause poisoning of humans and animals. In the RB they can be found among Pterophyta, Lycopodiophyta, Equisetophyta, Gymnospermae and Angiospermae. They are widespread in such families as Umbellíferae, Liliaceae,...
POKROV DAY
POKROV DAY (Holy virgin Theotokos Protection) is a fixed religious Slavic holiday. It appeared as a memory of what happened in the beginning of the 10th. c. in Constantinople. The surrounded people were praying very hard to be saved and Virgin Mary herself and other Saints and angels joined their praying....
POLAK, Alexey Filippovich
POLAK, Alexey Filippovich (4.6.1911, Tiflis — 31.7.1990, Ufa), Civil Engineer. Dr. of Engineering Science (1965), Full Professor (1968). Merited Master of Sciences and Technology of the RSFSR (1980) and BASSR (1974). Laureate of the USSR State Award (1984). Awarded with the Order of the Red Banner of...
POLITICAL PARTIES
POLITICAL PARTIES, public associations with the purpose of participation in the political life. Political parties also determine the political course of the state. P.p. express their members and supporters political will, participate in political actions, elections, referendums, exercise of power through...
POLITICAL REPRESSIONS
POLITICAL REPRESSIONS were carried out in the USSR in the 1930s – early 50s on charges of political crimes against individual citizens, social groups, classes and peoples; carried out by state bodies. In Bashkortostan, 25.5 thous. farms were dispossessed (ref. Kulaks), 22.5 thous. peasants were repressed...
POLITICAL REPRESSIONS VICTIMS ASSOCIATION OF THE RB
POLITICAL REPRESSIONS VICTIMS ASSOCIATION OF THE RB, public association established to protect the rights, dignity and interests of persons subjected to political purges and subsequently rehabilitated citizens and their relatives. Located in Ufa. Established in April, 1991. Member of the Russian Association...
POLYEDRON
POLYEDRON, ZAO. Produces approx. 300 models of leather haberdashery made of artificial and genuine leather: women's and men's bags, sports bags, schoolbags, folders, backpacks, business card holders, belts, small leather goods. Founded in 1940 as Ufa Haberdashery Factory, since 2011 has its current...
POLYEF
POLYEF, AO (Blagoveshchensk). Produces polyethylene terephthalate. It is the only manufacturer of purified terephthalic acid in Russia. In 1991, the construction of Bash. Polyether Complex Himvolokno was started; in 1992, it was transformed into CAO Batex, the construction was suspended in the same...
POLYETHYLENETEREPHTHALATE
POLYETHYLENETEREPHTHALATE, thermoplastic, polyester terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol. P.t. production using solid‑phase catalytic polycondensation of terephthalic acid with liquid ethylene glycol technology was mastered in Bashkortostan in 2008 at the Polief Plant. Used for the manufacturing of...
