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Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan State autonomous institution of science of the Republic of Bashkortostan Bashkir encyclopedia

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YARYMTYK

YARYMTYK (from Bashkir yarym – “a half”) is a demon in Bashkir mythology. Bylichkis about Y. mainly exist in the Northern and North-Western Bashkir art. According to some beliefs, it appears to people and has one eye and one leg. According to legends and beliefs, Y. likes to ride a horse. People should...

YAMANTAU

“YAMANTAU” (“Ominous mountain”, “The evil mountain”),    Bashkir      ethnic      song, uzun-kuy. It was registered by N.D. Shunkarov from Mugalim Mirkhaydarov in 1960 in Askarovo village, Abzelilovskiy District BASSR and published in the “Bashkir ethnic art. Songs.” collection (1st book, 1974). The...

YAMALETDINOV Mavletbay Baygildeevich

YAMALETDINOV Mavletbay Baygildeevich (b. 5.3.1947), writer, translator, kuraist. Folk sesen (2018). Ya’s repertoire includes the classical pieces uzun-kui, kubairs. Author of the novel “The Circle” (2006), devoted to Kubagush-sesen. Based on Old -Turkic written sources, Ya. created a dastan (epic) “Kul-Tegin”;...

YALSYGUL

“YALSYGUL”, Bashkir ethnic song, kyska-kuy. The song was registered by L.N. Lebedinskiy from I.S. Dilmukhametov in 1939 and published in the “Bashkort khalk yirdary” collection by G.Z. Suleymanov. It is an optimistic song of a worker called Yalsygul. “Y.” melody is based on a major pentatonic and resembles...

YAIK

YAIK is a character of the “Ural-batyr” epic, the eldest son of Ural-batyr, born by Katil’s daughter. His mother sends him to Ural-batyr and gives him 4 batyrs revived by living water to be his company. Y., his brothers and their father defeat Kakhkakha, Shulgan and their adherents. He carves the mouth...

YUKHA

YUKHA, is an evil demon in Bashkir mythology. It appears in bylichkas, fairytales, such as “Yukha”, “Yulbat”, prose version of “Ural-batyr version etc.According to belief, a 500-1000-year-old azhdakha turns into Y. (azhdakha usually does not reach the age of Y. as it could take him to Kaf-tau mountain)....

YURTOV Avksentiy Filippovich

YURTOV Avksentiy Filippovich (8.2.1854– 20.4.1916), educator, teacher, folklorist, ethnographer. Yu. collected and studied folklore and ethnographic materials in the Mordovian villages of the Ufa, Simbirsk, and Samara guberniya provinces, which were published in the 2 issues of “Samples of Mordovian...

YULUEV Batyrgarey Gabdulmukhametovich

YULUEV Batyrgarey Gabdulmukhametovich (18.8.1861–1915), ethnographer, local historian. He was a researcher of folklore, ethnography of Bashkirs; collector of legends, fables, etc. In the work “On Ethnography of Bashkirs” (1892), he described the wedding rites of the South-Eastern Bashkirs....

YULDYBAYEVA Gulnar Vildanovna

YULDYBAYEVA Gulnar Vildanovna (b.28.12. 1976, Saitbaba village, Gafuriyskiy district, BASSR), folklorist. Candidate of Philology (2006). Graduated from BSU (1999). Scientific activity aims to study poetics of Bashkir epics, condition of modern Bashkir folklore. Wrote and compiled “Modern folklore of...

YULDASHEV Robert Nazhipovich

YULDASHEV Robert Nazhipovich (b.9.7. 1971, Ufa), quaray player. National artist of RB (2012) Graduated from USIA (2000). Organized the quaray ensemble in Orenburgskaya region, Gafuriyskiy district, RB. Founded and headed “Kuraysy” ethnic band (since 2006). He is a master of virtuous techniques of kuray,...

YULAY and SALAVAT

“YULAY and SALAVAT”, a monument of Bashkir literature, epic. It has poetic and prose form. Was registered in the beginning of the 20th c. by M.A. Burangulov from Gabit-sesen. The main theme is the struggle of Bashkir people against national and colonial oppression. The epic has 2 chronologically arranged...

YNYIKAY AND YULDYKAY

“YNYIKAY AND YULDYKAY”, Bashkir ethnic song, khalmak-kuy. The song and the legend were registered by S.G. Rybakov in 1894 from Abdrakhman Davletov in Sultanovskaya minery of Orskiy District of Orenburgskaya region (current Baymakskiy District, RB) and published in “Music and songs of the Ural Muslims...

YOUTH GAMES

YOUTH GAMES are mass entertaining activities during ethnic celebrations that include reading fortunes, ethnic games, sledging, ethnic dances, bean-feasts, wearing costumes, round dances and others. Young people used to participate in collecting foods, prizes, kolyadovaniye as well as to organizing  games...

YIYIN

YIYIN, 1) the Bashkir people’s assembly; a self­governing body of a tribe or clan. There were territorial and general Y. to which they invited  representatives of all  tribes  and  clans, darugs, and volosts, where economic, political, social,  administrative,  and  territorial  issues would be resolved....

YATAGAN

“YATAGAN” a n e t h n i c b a n d. Formed in 2014 in Ufa. I.A. Shakirov is the founder and head of the band. In his work he combines musical instruments and techniques typical of folk and world music. The repertoire includes Bashkir ethnic songs and tunes “Alpamysha”, “Black Pacer”, “Igbirdin”, “Bay...

YEK-MERGEN

“YEK-MERGEN”, a monument of Bashkir literature, epos. It is registered by F. Valiev in the beginning of the 20th c. (the handwritten variant did not survive to the present day). It was first published in “An” magazine, Kazan, 1916. The epos is prosaic. The dominant theme and idea relate to the series...

YEGOROV Nikolay Ivanovich

YEGOROV Nikolay Ivanovich (b. 20.2.1949), turkologist and linguist. Doctor of Philology (1992). His research papers are devoted to his­ torical Chuvash lexicology, onomastics, dialectology, folklore, mythology, calendar holidays, and ceremonies. Author of more than 400 re­search papers. One of the authors...

YANGUZIN, Rim Zaynigabitovich

YANGUZIN, Rim Zaynigabitovich (15.11.1941, Selo Ayuchevo of Sterlitamaksky Raion of the BASSR — 11.11.2007, Ufa), Ethnographer. Dr.Sci (History, 1990), Full Professor (1991). Merited Scientist of the RF (2002), Merited Scientist of the RB (1993), Merited Worker of Higher Professional Education of the...

YANGAN-TAU

YANGAN-TAU, geopark, geologically, biologically, historically and culturally renouned place, located on the territory of Salavatsky Raion of the RB. Established in 2017. Territory — 1,770 km2 of hilly plain. The Ay and Yuryuzan rivers represent the hydrographic network. The nature is featured with a...

YANGAN-TAU

YANGAN-TAU, a balneological health resort. Located in Salavatsky Raion of the RB on the right bank of the Yuryuzan River, 180 km to the NW of Ufa and 43 km away from Kropachevo Railway Station (Chelyabinsk Obl.). Opened in 1937. It is a centre for treatment of locomotor, peripheral and vegetative nervous,...