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HYDROTREATMENT, catalytic methods of removal of sulfur and nitrogen compounds, asphalt resin substances, etc., impairing the performance properties of fuels and oils, from petroleum products. The first domestic diesel fuel H. unit has been operated at the Ufa Oil Refinery since 1960; gasoline H. process...

HYDROCRACKING, catalytic processing of heavy petroleum fractions in conditions of high partial hydrogen pressure. The Ufa Oil Refinery named after the 22nd Congress of the CPSU started first in the country to employ hydrocracking for the vacuum gas oils treatment in the mid. 70s. The H. unit modernization...

HUNTING, a form of economic activity based on killing and trapping wild animals and birds. It is a traditional business for Bashkirs. Bashkirs H. system derives from the natural and climatic conditions, and economic traditions. There were active (chase, drive, battue, and hitting) and passive (use of...

HUNDRED AND TWELFTH BASHKIR CAVALRY DIVISION (16th Guard Chernigov Cavalry Division), formed between January–March 1942, by the Resolution of the State Defense Committee of the USSR, on the Dyoma Railway Station (now within the boarders of Ufa City) as the 112th Bashkir Cavalry Division. Comprised the...

HOUSING-CIVIL CONSTRUCTION, a construction industry, specializing in the erection and reconstruction of the facilities of non productive sphere: residential buildings, educational institutions, health care institutions, cultural institutions, administrative buildings, trade, public catering, household...

HOUSING AND PUBLIC UTILITIES, a complex of enterprises providing for the functioning of utility infrastructure for various buildings in the city, creating convenience and comfort for the people, living and staying in them, by providing them with a wide range of services. They are represented by the...

HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURES, traditional for Bashkirs, include summer kitchen, barn, pantry, dugout shelter, bath‑house, smoke‑house, etc. The key construction materials were wood, osier, etc; the roof was covered with straw, bark, wooden lath, etc, later — with boards and iron. With the transition to sedentary...

HOUSEHOLD SERVICES, communal services and amenities, provision of non­ productive and productive services to the population. The quality and completeness of the provision of household services form comfortable living environment of the population. In the RB, they rank 3rd in the structure of paid H.s....

HOTELS, buildings with furnished rooms (suites) intended for temporary residence. There are 197 H., accommodating 8,467 visitors (2014). The largest H. are as follows: Agidel, Azimut Hotel Ufa, Amaks Tourist Hotel, Bashkortostan, President Hotel, Hampton by Hilton Ufa, Hilton Garden Inn Ufa Riverside,...

HOST-SPIRITS (In Bashkir mythology – eya) is a special category of the spirits in object of the material world. The ideas about them re­ late to the ancient layer of animistic beliefs (see Animism). The behaviors and activities of the H.­s. depend on people’s attitude to them, if they observe certain...

HOSPITAL OF THE PRIMARY HEALTHCARE UNIT OF THE MIA OF RUSSIA IN THE RB. It provides medical care to the employees of the MIA in the RB, the Headquarters of the Federal Penitentiary Service under the Ministry of Justice of the RB, the Administration of the Russian State Fire Service of the EMERCOM in...

HORSE BREEDING, horses reproduction and utilization processes; a branch of livestock  breeding.  Bashkortostan  is a region of advanced H.b. Horses are used for agricultural and transportation purposes, in equestrian sports and tourism, in the fields of milk, meat and skin production, as well as for...

HORROR STORY is a mythologized prose story about something horrible that happens as a result of demons' or other anthropomorphic creatures' activities or due to ordinary objects and things endowed with magical, sorcery powers. The collection and studying of H.s. in Bashkortostan was in late 20th c....

HONORARY  TITLES  OF  THE  RE­ PUBLIC  OF  BASHKORTOSTAN,  the highest form of encouragement of citizens along with State Awards of  the  RB for state construction, development of economy, social sphere, science, culture, art, education, teaching and training, protection of life, health and rights of...

HONING MACHINES on modular basis. Designed for metal machining with fine‑grain abrasive or metal bars covered with a diamond‑bearing layer. The bars are pressed against the machined surface by the hone, relative rotary and reciprocal movements (in upgraded machines oscillations are superimposed) of...

HOLIDAYS, COMPETITIONS, AND FESTIVALS, f o l k. In the region, a lot of attention is paid to the implementation of various H., C., and F., which contribute to the preservation of traditions, customs, and unique culture; popularization of the folklore of the peoples of Bashkortostan; the revival and...

HOLIDAYS AND COMMEMORATIVE DAYS in the Republic of Bashkortostan, days dedicated  to  outstanding  events  or traditional dates. According to the Law of 1992 On Holidays and  Commemorative Days, Professional Holidays and Other Significant Dates in the Republic of Bash­ kortostan, there are the following...

HOLIDAYS traditional, celebrations, dedicated to a significant day or event. There are traditional and official holidays (ref. Holidays and commemorative days). Нinclude Calendar days related to household activities (completion of sowing works, harvesting, etc), and Muslim holidays, which became popular...

HOLIDAY OF RUSSIAN SONG AND CHASTUSHKA, i n t e r r e g i o n a l. It was created in 1989 as an inter-district holiday; it became regional since 2000 and interregional since 2003. It is held in Belokatayskiy district of RB once every 2 years in order to safeguard and develop traditional Russian culture...

HOLDERS OF THE ORDER OF GLORY OF THE THREE CLASSES. The Order of Glory was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR dated November 8th, 1943, to award the Red Army Private and Sergeant military personnel, in aviation — also Junior Lieutenants. Had three classes,...