DOUMBYRA
DOUMBYRA, a Bashkir plucked string folk instrument. Wooden case of pearshaped hemispherical or ovalplane shape (hollowed or glued). The length of the instrument is about 800 mm with a neck and 19 mortise frets. It has 3 strings (nylon or metal); the mode is fifth and fourth. The sound is extracted by hitting the fin gers or the mediator simultaneously on all the strings. The upper string leads the melody; the lower strings emit a bass sound. In the late 19th – early 20th centuries, it went out of use. In the early 1980s, it was reconstructed by V.Sh. Shugayupov. Later, he and other craftsmen cre ated the orchestral varieties of the instrument (soprano, viola, bass). Since the late 1980s, D. was made by G.S. Kubagushev, R.M. Galimov, A.Ya. Yanguzhin; since the early 1990s, I.Kh. Baybuldin, S.U. Baymukhametov, A.N. Vladi mirov, G.R. Galimova, D.A. Minko, A.A. Ov chinnikov. It is an instrument to accompany the performance of tales (see. Epic), aityshes, and kubairs. In professional music, the instrument is used for solo, ensemble, and orchestral per formance. Similar instruments are used by many Turkic peoples.
A.M. Kubagushev