SPECIAL PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS

SPECIAL PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS (SPNA), sections of land, water surface and air space, where the natural complexes and sites of nature protective, scientific, cultural, aesthetic, recreational and health-improving value are located; they are withdrawn completely or partially from commercial utilization by state authorities, which set special conditions of protection. They are created in order to preserve unique and benchmark natural complexes and sites, rare plant species and rare animal species. Relations in the field of creation, organization and functioning of SPNA are regulated by the applicable laws of the RF and the RB. They have federal, regional, and local significance. There are the following categories of SPNA: state nature reserves, national parks, natural parks, state natural wildlife reserves, natural monuments, dendrological parks and botanical gardens, health-improving localities and health resorts, green (protected) zones of inhabited localities, water protection zones of rivers and other water bodies. The SPNA system in the RB includes: biosphere reserve (Bashkir Ural), nature reserves (Bashkirskiy, Shulgan­-Tash, South Ural), national park (Bashkiriya), nature parks (Asylykul, Iremel, Kandrykul, Muradymovskoye Gorge), 27 wildlife reserves (Asebar, Zilim, Kungak, etc), 182 natural monuments (B. Kolpak, Kueshta Cave, Saklovsky forest, etc), Botanical Garden Institute, health-improving localities and health resorts.