DIALECTS OF THE BASHKIR LANGUAGE
DIALECTS OF THE BASHKIR LANGUAGE, territorial varieties of the colloquial Bashkir language. The D.o.t.b.l. contain a number of features, which date back to the earliest periods of the development of the Bashkir language and reflect its historical contacts and interactions with other languages; for example, lost in almost all modern Turkic languages dissimilative combinations [рт], [лт], [мт], [нт], [мк], [мҡ], [нҡ], [ңҡ], some of which are recorded in ancient Turkic written artifacts of the 7—8th centuries, have been preserved in the middle parlance of the southern D.o.t.b.l. and in the Karaidel parlance of the north western D.o.t.b.l. They vary from the Bashkir literary language by phonetic and grammatic features. In the modern classification there is Eastern, North Western and Southern D.o.t.b.l., which unite smaller language units — parlances and subparlances.
The Eastern dialect (Kuvakan) is wide spread in Abzelilovsky, Belokataisky, Duvansky, Kiginsky, Mechetlinsky, Salavatsky, Uchalinsky raions, in the N. E. of Baymaksky and Burzyansky raions of the RB, as well as in the adjacent parts of the Kurgan, Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk oblasts. In the Eastern dialect there are Ai, Argayash, Asul (Uchaly), Kubalyak, Kyzyl, Miass, and Salzigutovo dialects. The key phonetic features: utilization of word forming affixes with the initial consonant [д] instead of [л] after the stem with final consonant [ж], [з], [л], [м], [н], [ң], [ҙ] instead of [л] after [у], [ү], [ҙ], [й], [р]. In the Ai and Miass parlances, there is a transition of combination [өй] into vowel [ү], utilization of consonant [ж] instead of [й]; in the Argayash parlance – devocalization of voiced consonant [ҙ] in the middle and at the end of words, vocalization of unvoiced consonant [s]; in the Salzigutovo parlance — utilization of [һ] instead of [s] and [ҙ]. The key grammatical features: the productivity of word forming affixes ҡаҡ/кәк, ғаҡ/гәк, etc, functioning of the archaic form of the imperative verb in combination with affix ың/ең.
The North-Western dialect is spread in Askinsky, Bakalinsky, Baltachevsky, Belebeyevsky, Blagovarsky, Blagoveshchensky, Buzdyaksky, Burayevsky, Dyurtyulinsky, Ermekeyevsky, Ilishevsky, Karaidelsky, Krasnokamsky, Kushnarenkovsky, Mishkinsky, Tatyshlinsky, Tuimazinsky, Chekmagushevsky, Sharansky and Yanaulsky raions of the RB, as well as in the adjacent parts of the RT, Perm Krai and Sverdlovsk oblast. In the North Western dialect, there is Gainy, Karaidel, Nizhnebelsk Ik, Middle Ural, and Tanyp parlances. The key phonetic features: utilization of consonant [ч] instead of [c], consonant [ж] instead of [й] at the beginning of words. In the Karaidel parlance, the utilization of dissimilative combinations [рт], [лт], [мт], [нт], etc is observed, as well as consonant [ҙ] at the beginning of affixes and particles instead of [л], [н], [д]. The key grammatical features: the productivity of word forming affixes ма/мә, ыҡ/ек, functioning of the Past Tense of the verb in combination with affix ғаныйы/гәнейе along with the literary variant ғайны/гәйне.
The Southern dialect (Yurmatynsky) is common in Alsheyevsky, Arkhangelsky, Aurgazinsky, Baymaksky, Beloretsky, Bizhbulyaksky, Burzyansky, Gafuriysky, Davlekanovsky, Zyanchurinsky, Zilairsky, Iglinsky, Ishimbaysky, Karmaskalinsky, Kugarchinsky, Kuyurgazinsky, Meleuzovsky, Miyakinsky, Nurimanovsky, Sterlibashevsky, Sterlitamaksky, Fyodorovsky, Haybullinsky, and Chishminsky raions of the RB, as well as in the parts of Samara, Saratov and Orenburg oblasts, adjacent to the them. In the Southern dialect, there is Dyoma, Zigan, Ik Sakmar, Middle and Urshak dialects. The key phonetic features: utilization of word forming affixes with initial consonant [л] instead of [ҙ] and [т], with initial consonant [н] after stem with final [м] and [н]. The guttural [аъ] is used at the beginning of words in the Ik Sakmar dialect; [s] is used instead of [һ] in the original Bashk. words in the Dyoma dialect. The key grammatical features: merging of the clipped adverbial participle “aп” / “әп” (literary “алып”) with verbal stems “бар”, “ҡал”, “ҡас”, “ҡайт”, “сыҡ”, “бир”, etc, functioning of the infinitive form, expressed by a verb in combination with affixes ыр/ер, ар/ әр, etc.
