ZEMSTVO

ZEMSTVO, a system of all class local self government, created during the Zemstvo Reform of 1864. Administrative bodies of Z. — gub. and uyezd zemstvo assemblies, executive bodies — gub. and uyezd zemstvo upravas (administrations).

In Ufa Gub. Z. were established in 1875. According to the results of the elections to Zemstvo assemblies, the largest number of votes were received by candidates from landowners (46.4%) and rural societies (45.8%); from 1891 — representatives of landowners curia (55.8%). In 1910, Z. established systematical control over water supply in the Guberniya, in 1911 – over the sanitary conditions of the koumiss production. In 1886, an epidemiological bureau was founded under the Ufa Gub. Z. Since 1883, congresses of Zemstvo doctors were convened. In 1909, the Gub. Sanitary Council was established with representatives from the uyezd zemstvos and medical institutions of the Guberniya. By 1914, Z. had owned 919 versts of roads, and built more than 1700 bridges and other structures. In 1885, the Gub. Z. budget was increased by the introduction of a special road tax. In 1914, a department for assistance to the development of artisan production was established under Gub. Zemstvo Uprava. In 1907, the formation of a network of zemstvo cash desks for small credits began. In Orenburg Gub. Z. were established between 1912—13. The Soviet authorities liquidated Z. between 1918—19.