CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS

CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS, carry out punishment in the form of imprisonment. This term is used in the Russian Federation terminology on the criminal enforcement system.

In Bashkortostan, arrest and prison izbas (huts), dvors (courtyards) and ostrogs (jails) are known since the 2nd half of the 16th century. At the end of the 17th century, there were amanat dvors (amanat — a hostage given in the security of the contract) in Birsk, Kungur, Menzelinsk, Ufa, etc, and fortresses. In 1874, there were five prison castles (with 5773 prisoners), one workhouse with a strait office in Ufa and two etaps of the Menzelinsky and Zlatoustovsky uyezds in Ufa Guberniya. Ufa Central Correctional House; canton correctional houses in the Belebey, Beloretsk, Birsk, Selo Verkhniye Kigi; Dyedovo and Pakhar Village Colonies; and a concentration camp operated on the territory of the Republic after the Civil War. In 1924, Argayashsky, Mesyagutovsky and Zilairsky corrective labour houses were established, in 1926 — remand centers in Birsk and Beloretsk. During the years of political repressions, convicts were involved in the Bashspyetsneftyestroy construction sites (now ZAO Ekolog — Bashspyetsnyeftyestroy) in Tuymazy, Posyolok Ulu-Telyak, Selo Kazayak and Selo Krasny Kholm. In 1934, the Department of Correctional Labour was created, in 1937 — the Department of Prisons of the Directorate of the NKVD of the RSFSR on the BASSR (since 1943 — the Department of Correctional Labour Camps and Colonies, since 1969 — the Department of Correctional Labour Institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the BASSR). Since 2004 — under the authority of the Federal Service for the Execution of Penalties of the RF for the RB. According to 2018 data, on the RB terr. there are: correctional colonies of the general regime — in Sterlitamak (2) and Ufa (1); correctional colonies of the strict regime — in Myelyeuz (1), Salavat (2) and Ufa (2); correctional colonies of the special regime — in Salavat (1); medical preventive correctional colonies — in Ufa (1); curative correctional colonies — in Salavat (1); educational colonies — in Sterlitamak (1); corrective colonies-settlements — in Ufa (1) and Sterlitamak (1); and remand centers — in Beloretsk (1), Birsk (1), Dyurtyuli (1), Sterlitamak (1) and Ufa (1). In 2018, approximately 1.8 thous. prisoners were held in the C.I. and remand centers of the RB.