PEASANT INSURGENCY OF 1918–21
PEASANT INSURGENCY OF 1918–21, anti‑Bolshevik peasants uprisings caused by discontent with the policy of the Soviet power, particularly introduction of rigid centralization to the national economy. In Ufa Gub., the first uprisings took place between March—April 1918, in Birsky Uyezd, which was severely affected by the confiscation of bread. In March, an uprising broke out in Selo Burayevo. The 2nd wave of uprisings (May) to the middle of June covered most volosts of Birsky Uyezd, Svyato‑Troitskaya (Holy Trinity) Volost of Ufimsky Uyezd, and Nogushinskaya Volost of Zlatoustovsky Uyezd. The uprisings were caused by the creation under the volost councils of combat units and rev. tribunals, requisition of food, imposition of indemnity, mobilization for the Red Army, etc. In volosts, headquarters were estab lished to regulate the uprising and the armed units, which declared themselves part of the People’s Army. In a number of places, the rebels contacted the Belarusian units and participated in joint operations against the Red Army. The Black Eagle Uprising between February and March 1920, was the bloodiest. It covered Menzelinsky, Birsky, Belebeyevsky and part of Ufimsky uyezds. About 26 thous. people participated in the Uprising. The Decree of the Russian Central Executive Committee and Council of People’s Comissars of the RSFSR on the State System of the Autonomous Soviet Bashkir Republic of May 19th, 1920, caused new discontent among the Bashkir population and served the main reason for the Burzyan-Tangaurovskoye Uprising. The rebels put forward a demand for free trade, return of A.A.Validov and other members of the first team of the Bashrevkom to Bashkortostan and return of full authority to them. On November 26th, 1920, an agreement was concluded in Selo Temyasovo, in which amnesty was provided for all participants of the uprising, who voluntarily seized the armed struggle. In November, the wealthy peasants of the Russian derevnyas of Preobrazhenskaya Volost of Usyergansky Canton rebelled because of the prodrazverstka (surplus appropriation system). Military units of the Red Army were sent to suppress the rebels. The rebels were defeated in the battles under selos Almaly, Niyazi-Yelga and Yumaguzino. In Spring 1921, a new wave of uprisings began on the territory of Burzyan-Tangaurovsky, Kipchak-Dzhitirovsky, Usyergansky cantons. The rise of uprisings was associated with the appearance of the Okhranyuk-Chersky detachments, which survived after the defeat of the People’s Army in Samara Guberniya. The Okhranyuk-Chersky detachments were joined by local rebels, who went underground, including the troops of G.Z.Amantayev and F.B.Magasumov. They developed a joint polit. program, according to which Russia was declared the bourgeois democratic republic, where each nation had the right to create an autonomous state. The regular units of the Red Army, which arrived from Sterlitamak, Orenburg and Chelyabinsk, defeated the Okhranyuk-Chyersky detachments. The appeal of G.Z.Amantayev to Burzyan-Tangaurovsky Canton Executive Committee with a proposal to resolve peacefully the conflict was rejected. He and other rebels were arrested and convicted.
