MONUMENTAL ART
MONUMENTAL ART, a type of plastic arts; covers the works, created for a specific architectural or natural environment, in interaction with which they acquire ideological and figurative completeness.
In Bashkortostan the M.a. is represented by the works of painting, sculpture, monumental‑decorative art (mainly panels made in the technique of stained glass, ceramics, mosaics, chasing, wood carving, marquetry). Before the Revolution of 1917, the works of M.a. decorated the interior of mosques and churches, the exteriors and interiors of public and private buildings. Since 1918, artists have participated in the decoration of streets and squares (ref. Design). In 1924, one of the first sculptural monuments to V.I.Lenin in Russia (sculptor – I.A.Mendelevich, architect – D.M.Larionov) was erected in Ufa.
The establishment of the monumental sculpture began in the years of the Great Patriotic War, when the following figures of art evacuated from Moscow, Leningrad, Kiev, etc lived and worked in the Republic: S.D.Tavasiyev, who created the monument to Salavat Yulayev (ref. Monuments to Salavat Yulayev); V.G.Morozova who created the monument to A.M.Matrosov (1958, Ufa), etc. The development of monumental sculpture is associated with the creative work of T.P.Nechayeva. The Monument of Friendship was erected in 1965. The most significant works of historical and memorial nature were created by N.A.Kalinushkin, L.E.Kerbel, V.G.Lobanov, B.D. Fuzeyev, H.M.Habibrakhmanov, etc.
The first significant works of monumental painting include the panels in the sgraffito technique – on the facades of the Oil Technical University and the industrial building of the Pavlovskaya GES; in the fresco technique – Sport and Garden will Bloom for the interior of the Palace of Culture in Ishimbay; the painting of the interior of the Neftekhimik Palace of Culture in Salavat.
In the 70s, a number of architectural ensembles were decorated: the mosaics on the building of NGDU Arlanneft in Neftekamsk, paintings on the building of the Karmanovskaya GRES, the Synthetic Kauchuk Palace of Culture in Sterlitamak, etc. An example of the synthesis of arts is the Palace of Culture in Ufa, where mosaic, chasing, wood carving, marquetry, and ceramic panels were used for its decoration. The mosaic on the facade of the building of the Academy of Scienc es of the RB (E.A.Vinokurov, Panteleyev, Yudin, V.N.Yudina) is distinguished by the integrity of design and plastic solutions.
Between the 80–90s, the buildings of the Puppet Theatre, Nur Theatre, Sterlitamak Machine‑Building Plant were decorated. R.S.Zainetdinov and G.G.Kalitov created a picturesque triptych (Miras, The Soul of the Earth, Kumys) for the interior of the Philological Department of the BSU. The works of classical stained glass were created by G.L.Novikov and A.A.Petrikov in mosques Ikhlas (Ufa), in Derevnya Tavakanovo of Kugarchinsky Raion (both — in 2002), at the First Grand Mosque (2006), etc.
2000s in Bashkortostan were marked by the appearance of a number of monumental works, reflecting its historical past: monument to native residents of the RB who died in the local wars of the 20th century (monument to Grieving Mother; Ufa, 2003, sculptor – N.A.Kalinushkin), architectural ensemble 450 Years Together with Russia (Sibay, 2007, Kh.Kh.Garipov), Monument to the Homefront Workers (2015, A.N.Kovalchuk); monuments dedicated to famous personages: F.I.Chaliapin (2007, architect – K.A.Donguzov, sculptor – R.A.Khasanov), Z.G.Ismagilov (2008, sculptor – Kh.M.Khabibrakhmanov), M.Karim (A.N.Kovalchuk), A.K.Mubaryakov (V.A.Dvornik; both – in 2013; all – in Ufa), M.M.Shaymuratov (Selo Shaymuratovo of Karmaskalinsky Raion of the RB, D.A.Stritovich); monuments based on Bashkir legends — Seven Girls fountain (Ufa, Kh.M.Khabibrakhmanov; both – in 2015), etc.
