COMMUNICATIONS

COMMUNICATIONS, a branch of economy; transfer and reception of information by means of various technical equipment. There is postal C. and electrical C. Postal C. provides the reception and transfer of postal communications (written correspondence, periodicals, money orders, post packages, parcels) mainly with the utilization of transport. Postal C. services are provided by the Administration of Federal Postal Communication of the RB that includes post offices, stationary offices and communication centers. The Administration provides approx. 80 types of services, including express mail, payment acceptance, money transfer, home-delivery of pensions and benefits, internet communication, etc. By means of electrical C., the transmission of information is performed by radio‑ or electric signals. There is wire communication, radio communication, cable communication, telephone communication, etc. Electrical C. also includes optical communication and cellular communication. Wired broadcasting, radio broadcasting and television broadcasting is performed with the help of electrical C. In the RB, there is satellite television, IP‑telephony, IP‑television, videoconferencing, high‑speed Internet access, systems of payment terminals and ATMs, using wireless communication technologies, etc. Electrical C. services are provided by OAO Bashinformsvyaz and Rostelecom, cable TV – by Crystal, Ufanet and Er‑Telecom, data transfer – by Golden Telecom, Express, etc, cellular C. – by regional offices of federal operators of cellular C. (Mobile TeleSystems, MegaFon, Beeline, etc). C. equipment and facilities are produced by BETO enterprises, Magnetron Microelectronics Plant, Bashkir Production Group Progress, Promsvyaz Ufa Plant, Soliton RI, etc; communication cables – by OOO Ufimkabel. The construction of television and radio broadcasting repeaters is performed by AO Satellite Telecommunications of Bashkortostan.