SULFUR

SULFUR. The development of S. chemistry in Bashkortostan is associated with the problem of the desulfurization of fuels. In the 70‑80‑ies. a technology for the production of S. by direct catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide was developed (F.R.Ismagilov), supplemented by a waste gas aftertreatment unit (T.R.Zhdanov, A.V.Podshivalin), introduced at the Ufimsky Refinery named after the 22nd CPSU Congress. In the 90s S. began to be used as an additive in bitumens to increase their plasticity and resistance to oxidative aging (E.G.Telyashev, I.R.Khairudinov). The modifiers of sulfur‑bitumens were proposed (N.G.Evdokimova, B.S.Zhirnov); impregnation of calcium polysulfide with water preparations improved the performance properties of porous building materials (V.V.Babkov, I.A.Massalimov), with liquid sulfur at 140°C — wood boards, etc. New preparative and prepared forms of S. and S. based compositions (A.I.Ilyasova, S.G.Karchevsky, S.N.Lakeev, Yu.A.Sangalov) were obtained. These compounds were tested as plant protection products (A.A.Miftakhov), microfertilizers (R.R.Ismagilov), water repellents (Sangalov). Highly dispersed compositions with increased melt flow, increased adhesion, increased strength and elasticity were obtained from sulfur and polyethylene by elastic deformation (R.M.Akhmetkhanov, K.S.Minsker); sulfur inhibition of thermal oxidative destruction of polyvinylchloride (Akhmetkhanov, S.V.Kolesov) was found. Catalytic synthesis of unsaturated thia‑, dithiacyclanes, alkenyl‑alkyl‑sulfides (N.Z.Baybulatova, U.M.Dzhemilev, R.V. Kunakova) was carried out based on sulfur and diene hydrocarbons. An express method for X‑ray and X‑ray diffraction testing of S. containing materials has been developed (Sangalov, Ya.L. Shestopal). Since 1943 gaseous S. has been produced at the Ishimbay Gasoline Plant, since the 1960s — at Tuymazinsky and Shkapovsky Gas Processing plants; gaseous, liquid, and lump S. — at OAO Salavatnefteorgsintez, at Ufimsky and Novo‑Ufimsky Refineries, since 2005 — at OAO Ufaneftekhim. The output in 1990 was 70, in 2006 — 112.7 thous. t. In the RB S. is dominantly used for the production of sulfuric acid. S. is also shipped to the regions of the Russian Federation, Germany, Holland, China, Finland, etc.