ETHNOGRAPHIC GROUPS
ETHNOGRAPHIC GROUPS, parts of ethnos, compactly living in a certain territory, preserving the peculiarities in the language and individual components of culture. Bashkirs are subdivided into South‑East., North‑East., North‑West., South‑West. E.g.; their ethnic basis was made up of the Mongolian and Turkic tribes of the South. Siberia, Altai and Central Asia; they were also influenced by Iranian, Bulgarian‑Ugric and Finno‑Ugric tribes, and later – by Kipchaks.
The South-East. E.g. has developed as a result of merging of the tribes of Burzyan, Kypsak, Tamian, Tangaur, Usergan, Yurmaty. The Bashkirs of the South‑Eastern E.g. settled in the N. and in the W. in the upper and middle reaches of the Belaya River, in the S. and in Trans‑Urals — up to the Ural River. They are referred to the South Siberian and Pontian anthropological types; the Ik‑Sakmara parlance of the southern dialect of the Bashkir language is spoken.
The North-Eastern E.g. has developed as a result of consolidation of tribal associations ayle, katay, tabyn. They settled in the valleys of rivers Ufa (at the north. bend), Ai, Lemeza, Sim, Yuruzan, etc; in TransUrals – in the upper reaches of the Ural River; on rivers Miass, Sinara, Techa, Uvelka, Uy, etc; around lakes Irtyash, Uyelgi (all — in the basin of the Tobol River), etc. They are referred to the South Siberian anthropological type; the eastern dialect of the Bashkir language is common in the language.
The South-Western E.g. is made up of the Bashkirs of the Min tribe and Irgiz‑Kamelik Bashkirs. They settled on the Urshak river, in the upper reaches of the Chermasan river, between lakes Kandrykul and Asylykul, in the territory of the rivers Tok, Bolshoy Uran, Maly Uran, Bolshoy Irgiz and their tributaries Kamelik and Karalyk. They are referred to the Pontian anthropological type; the Dyoma parlance of the southern dialect of the Bashkir language is spoken.
The North-Western E.g. is made up of tribes Baylar, Bular, Erekte, Yurmi, Gere, Elan, Eldyak, Yenei, Kanly, Karshin, Kirgiz, Balyksy, Gaina, Tanyp, Uran, and Un. They settled in the middle and in the lower reaches of the Ik river (tributary of the Kama River), in the lower reaches of the Belaya River and their tributaries Dyoma, Karmasan, Chermasan, Bir, Bystry Tanyp, Baza, Sune, in the N. — on rivers Bui, Piz, Tulva (the Kama basin). They refer to the Subural and light Caucasian anthropological types; the eastern and southern dialects of the Bashkir language are spoken.
