BLACK AMBLE

“BLACK AMBLE” (“Kara yurga”), “Black amble”, Bashkir ethnic song, kyska-kuy. The first information about the song is presented in I.I. Lepyekhin’s notes. The legend and instrumental variants of “B.a.” were first registered by S.G. Rybakov in 1894 from quaray players: Birgali, who lived in Temyasovo village of Or­skiy District (current Baymakskiy District, RB) and I. Lukmanov, who worked in Kananikols­kiy plant. They are published in his book “Music and songs of the Ural Muslims and their household description”. The song is cheerful. It has a bright dancing melody. The poetic text is a part of “Kara-yurga” epos, its form is imaginative of a horse. Repetitions and regular beat are typical for the chant. Undulatory altera­ tions of third and quart pitch intervals in the chorus are imitation of amble’s hooves clatter. The musical adaptations of “B.a” for choir and piano are made by A.T. Karimov, for symphon­ic orchestra – by K.Y. Rakhimov, for a cappella choir, piano – by R.V. Salmanov. The songs melody was used in ballets such as “Mountain story” by A.S. Klucharyev, “Crane song” by L.B. Stepanov and Z.G. Ismagilov; in Dance Suit by M.M. Valeev; in “Asian songs” vocal cycle by A.A. Alyabiev; the same­titled dance, choreographed by Y.Z. Bikberdin. There is a same­titled ethnic dance.

G.A. Ishkinina