ETHNIC GROUPS

ETHNIC GROUPS of Bashkirs, territorially isolated parts of ethnos, having peculiarities in the traditional culture, language and preserving ethnic identity. In the territory of the Volgo‑Ural historical‑ethnographic region, there are E.g. of Trans-Ural, Irgiz‑Kamelik, Kama‑Ik, Orenburg and Perm Bashkirs. E.g. developed as a result of colonization of the region, land policy of the state, population migration, settlement movements, etc. From the end of the 18th century, a part of Bashkir ethnos during the administrative and territorial division of Bashkortostan (ref. Administrative and territorial structure) found itself outside Orenburg guberniya and joined Vyatka, Kazan, Perm, and Saratov guberniyas; since 1851 — also Samara and Siberian (Trans-Urals) guberniyas; later in the 30–40s of the 20th century, it found itself outside the BASSR and joined Kurgan and Orenburg oblasts, Perm Krai, Samara, Saratov and Sverdlovsk oblasts, Tatarstan, and Chelyabinsk oblast. Originally, in the places of compact residence there were minor E.g., which maintained their tribal affiliation (ref. Bashkir tribal organization), the basic features of the traditional Bashkir culture, ethnic identity, and language. Inside E.g., endogamy was observed. A small part of E.g. was characterized by assimilation with major ethnoses (Russians, Tatars, etc), borrowings in economy and culture; interethnic marriages became common.