BASHKIR ARMY
BASHKIR ARMY, 1) was formed in 1834 on the territory of Orenburg Kray of the Bashkirs and Mishars as Bashkir Meshcheryak Troops; since 1855, after the inclusion of teptyars and bobyls in its composition, – B.a. Was supposed to protect the Orenburg Fortified Line (ref. Military Service of the Bashkirs). Headquarters – Orenburg. Territory of military lands – more than 10 million dessiatinas. Territorially troops were divided into 17, since 1855 – into 28 cantons. Since 1847, the term of service was equal to 30 years. In 1850, the troops numbered 546 thous. Bashkirs (83%) and Mishars, in 1858 – 834 thous. (in 1855 the composition of B.a. included 266 thous. teptyars and bobyls). Annually, approx. 5.5 thous. people were mobilized for line service; for construction, road and village work, convoy and police service – approx. 4.5 thous. people; during military times the Army had 30 cavalry regiments. The Army participated in the suppression of the 1835 uprising, 1844 Kazakh uprising, Khiva (1839–40), Kokand (1852 and 1853) campaigns, and Crimean War of 1853–56. Disbanded in 1865.
2) Between 1918 – March 1919, the armed forces of the Bashkir Government. B.a. was created in accordance with the resolution of the 3rd AllBashkir Kurultay (Congress) of December 20th, 1917. Mobi lization of the Bashkirs between February– March 1918, ended with the arrest of the members of Bashkir Government and Bashkir Central Shuro, dispersal and execution of the 1st Bashkir Regiment by the Red Guard and workers. Since June, a new mobilization of Muslim population began, which lasted throughout the Civil War. Bashkir Military Council and Сantons Military Commanders Administra tion (performed military and police func tions) were formed. The B.a. consisted of paramilitary (voluntary) troops and regular infantrymen (since October 12th rifle regiments) and cavalry regiments. Since July, there were 5 Bashkir infantry regiments and Bashkir Cavalry Regiment in the com position of the B.a. In September, these regiments joined the Bashkir Separate Corps (7.8 thous. people), which in October was reorganized into Bashkir Rifle Division, and in January 1919 – into Bashkir Corps. In September 1918, the regular formations of the B.a. acted as part of the People’s Army, and between September–October – as part of the Russian Army. B.a. par ticipated in military operations against the Red Army on the territory of Samara, Orenburg and Ufa guberniyas. By order of Bashkir Government at the end of Feb ruary – early March 1919, B.a. (6.5 thous. people) became part of the Red Army provided the Bashkir Separate Army was supposed to be created based on it (ref. Agreement of the Central Soviet Power with the Bashkir Government on the Soviet Autonomous Bashkiriya). Violation of this condition by the command of the 1st Red Army and repression against the Bashkir soldiers led to the defection of many of them to the Russian Army. After the Soviet command promised personal security, part of them rejoined the Red Army and the Bashkir Separate Cavalry Brigade; 2 thous. former servicemen of the B.a. (leaders – M.G.G.Kurbangaliyev and G.G.Taganov) joined the white emigration in the Russian Far East between 1920–22. Commander of the B.a. – A.A.Validov.
