VOCAL MUSIC
VOCAL MUSIC, the music intended for singing. In the Bashkir folk music, the genres of V.m. are represented by bait, kyska-kyuy, kubair, munazhat, senlyau, takmak, uzun-kyuy, khalmak-kyuy, etc. In the creative work of the composers of Bashkortostan, the genres of V.m. are mainly represented by adaptations of folk songs, songs, romances, vocal cycles, and ballads. The formation of the Bashkir professional V.m. began after the Revolution of 1917 and is associated with the work of composers G.S.Almukhametov, M.M.Valeyev, S.Gabyashi, Kh.K.Ibragimov, K.Yu.Rakhimov. The leading genre was the mass song based on march rhythms and intonations, as well as on the melody close to the stylistic peculiarities of halmakkyuy and kyska-kyuy. The creative work of Kh.F.Akhmetov, Kh.Sh.Zaimov, Z.G.Ismagilov, T.Sh.Karimov, R.A.Murtazin, N.G.Sabitov, R.V.Salmanov contri buted to further development of V.m. During the Great Patriotic War, a special place is occupied by songballads and songportraits, dedicated to the heroes of war, simultaneously the genre of the adaptation of folk songs is developing, where a subtle sense of the nature of folk melos is found. In the 50–60s, the themes and content of V.m. significantly broadened, which was caused by the blossoming of the Bashkir poetry. A lot of vocal works were created to the lyrics by Sh.Babich, K.Dayan, M.Karim, S.Kudash, Ya.Kulmiy, N.Nadzhmi, etc. Uzun-kyuy, khalmak-kyuy, the traditions of Russian classical romance and modern chamber vocal music served as the stylistic basis of lyrical songs. The Bashkir classical romance, presented in different ways in the creative work of Z.G.Ismagilov, Kh.F.Akhmetov, R.A.Murtazin, N.G.Sabitov, evolved in the same period. Since the mid. 60s, the Bashkir composers turned to the genre of the vocal cycle: From the Bashkir Folk Poetry and Through the War by D.D.Khasanshin, I Look into the Eyes by N.G.Sabitov and Native Land by Z.G.Ismagilov, 17 ballads by Kh.F.Akhmetov, The Son of the Earth – the Son of the Motherland by A.Kh.Gabdrakhmanov. The tendency for deeper lyrical and psychological imagery appeared in the vocal cycles of 70–80s: Love is like Lightning by Kh.F. Akhmetov, Secret Love by R.Kh. Sakhautdinova, Lyrical Note book by A.M.Kubagushev. The vocal cycles with lyrics by Russian, foreign and modern poets appear. The new principles of harmonization and creative attitude to folk melody were manifested in folk songs, created by Akhmetov, Gabdrakhmanov, A.T.Karimov, R.G.Kasimov, A.M.Kubagushev, R.N.Sabitov, etc. B.M.Gaysin, R.Kh.Gazizov, N.A.Dautov, R.M.Khasanov, etc contributed to the development of the song genres of pop music. The V.m. for children and youth is represented in the creative work of the composers of several generations (ref. Children’s music). The characteristic trends of modern Bashkir V.m. is the widening of the images range, the stylistic diversity and the approximation of the genre of romance with other genres.
