CHAMBER MUSIC

CHAMBER MUSIC, a form of music art, intended for the performance by a small band. C.m. has always been there in the music culture of Bashkortostan. In the 20—30s of the 20th century, the European composition techniques based on functional genres (waltz, march, folk tune, polka) were mastered: music pieces Picnic, Youth for fortepiano by S.Gabyashi; 2 waltzes, Polka for fortepiano, Romance, Humoresque for violin and fortepiano, Mountain Stream, Romance for cello and fortepiano by M.M.Valeyev, etc. In the 40—60s, the genre range was broadening. Along with chamber music pieces, the following major forms appear: Trio for violin, cello and fortepiano by R.A.Murtazin, Suite for violin and fortepiano, Trio for voice, violin and fortepiano by H.Sh.Zaimov, etc. The C.m. of the Bashk. composers of the 70— 90s became an experimental ground for searching for new means of expressiveness, approbation of new techniques, the reflection of new musical thinking that manifested itself in a different attitude to folklore and in timbre universalism. Composers expand the instrumental range of chamber art, creating compositions for kurai and bayan. Due to the more complex artistic concepts, enhancement of the method of throughcomposed symphony development, replacing the suite principle, the rethinking of classical genres occurs: string quartets of R.H.Gazizov, R.R.Ziganov, L.Z.Ismagilova, R.N.Sabitov, V.M.Skobyolkin, A.D.Hasanshin, D.D.Hasanshin, I.I.Hisamutdinov; fortepiano quintets of A.K.Berezovsky, R.G.Kasimov, etc. The most indicative are the chamber ensembles, revealing a new trend for the Bashk. music toward individualization of instrumental compositions: trio Broken Amphora for clarinet, cello and fortepiano by M.H.Akhmetov, Quintet suite for brass instruments by D.D.Hasanshin, Suite Catastrophe, June 4th for drums and organ by R.M.Hasanov. The chamber principles of musical thinking have an impact on major forms: chamber symphonies,chamberoperas,ballets, etc are created. The genres of the chamber vocal music in the creative work of the Bashk. composers are mainly presented by songs, romances, vocal cycles, adaptations of folk songs (ref. Vocal music).