GRAIN-GROWING

GRAIN-GROWING, a leading branch of plant growing. It is concerned with the cultivation of cereals and legumes. Grain is a raw material for grain- and flourgrinding and feed mill industry. Grain processing products are used in baking, macaroni, beer brewing, alcohol and other industries, drug manufacture, etc. Immature seeds and fruits of peas and beans are used as vegetables. Green mass, silage, straw, herbal flour are used for feeding farm animals. Legumes enrich the soil with nitrogen and are good predecessors for other crop rotation cultures. In order to obtain grain, plants of Poaceae, Polygonaceae and Fabaceae families are widely cultivated. In Bashkortostan vetch, peas, buckwheat, corn, lupine, chickpeas, oats, millet, wheat, rye, soy, triticale, beans, barley, etc, are being cultivated. Sown areas of grain crops in the Republic amount to about 1.8 million ha (60% of the crops of all agricultural crops), out of which 644 thous. ha are the share of wheat and 325.6 thous. ha are the share of winter crops (incl. winter rye — 155.9, winter wheat — 154.1 and triticale — 15.6 thous. ha); approx. 67 thous. ha are the share of legumes (2018).