UKRAINIANS

UKRAINIANS (self‑identified as “Ukrainians”), a people, the dominant population of Ukraine. In 2010, 39.8 thous. U. lived in the RB: Ufa – 12.4 thous. p., Sterlitamak – 5.1 thous., Salavat – 2.3 thous., Belebey – 1 thous., Davlekanovo – 1 thous., in Chishminsky – 1.2 thous., Alsheyevsky – 1 thous., Sterlitamaksky – 1 thousand. In the territory of Bashkortostan, the Ukranian Cossacks (the so‑called “Cherkasy Cossacks”) were mentioned for the first time at the beginning of the 17th century as the servicemen of Ufa. Mass resettlement of U. (mostly the natives of Poltava, Chernigov, Podolsk, Kharkov guberniyas; ref. Settlement movement) began after the Peasant Reform of 1861 and intensified during the Stolypin Agrarian Reform. In Ufa Gub. they lived predominantly in the Belebeyevsky, Sterlitamaksky and Ufimsky uyezds. Their number in Bashkortostan increased also during the First World War and the Great Patriotic War due to the influx of refugees and evacuees from Ukraine. U. were mostly involved into agriculture, but they also bred cattle and poultry, kept bees, grew vegetables, and persued household trades. The basic types of U. settlements were villages with or without a church and farms. The dwellings were log houses, daubed with clay and whitewash. They had small windows, a double‑pitch or a hip roof covered with straw or reeds. The cuisine of U. was based on the use of cereals and vegetables. Many traditional holidays and rituals of U. were associated with the agricultural calendar. They celebrated Orthodox Christmas, Epiphany Day, Easter, Trinity Day, etc. In the RB, there is the Republican National‑Cultural Centre of the Ukrainians of Bashkortostan Kobzar, the Ukrainian Historical and Cultural Centre. The Ukrainian language is taught in a number of schools. Ukrainian folk ensembles function.