FOLKLORE POETICS
FOLKLORE POETICS is a set of folklore art structure components, principles and methods of ethnic aesthetic expression.
Bashkir folklore has many genres of archaic heritage (“Ural-batyr”, “Akbuzat”, “Minaybatyr and Shulgen batsha”,“Ural” etc.). Bashkir epics, ethnic songs, fairytales, aphoristic genres, etc. are studied by a number of scientists (S.G. Rybakov, G.F. Vildanov, Kirey Mergen, S.A. Galin, F.A. Nadrshina, A.M. Suleymanov, N.T. Zaripov, etc.), several monographs, fundamental works (“Bashkort khalyk izhady”, “Bashkir ethnic art”), etc. are published.
F.p of Russians, Ukrainians, Belorusians, Maris, Mordovians, Tatars, Udmurts, Chuvashes was formed on their historical native lands and first preserved its peculiarities. Some traditions were conserved in the living conditions of the multi-ethnic republic. Social, political and economic changes led to rejection of irrelevant genres (bylinas, ceremonial folklore, spiritual verse) on the new territories. Researchers L.G. Barag, L.I. Bryantseva, F.G. Galieva, I.Y. Karpukhin, etc. have registered many examples of repertoire exchange between different peoples, translation of Eastern Slavic folklore into the Turkic and other languages, use of Russian lexis and phonetics in folklore of other peoples, contamination of songs of the different peoples, etc. L.A. Afanasyeva, L.V. Korotayeva, I.G. Petrov, R.R. Sadikov, T.G. Minniyakhmetova, L.A. Abukayeva, S.I. Apsatarova and other researchers study Chuvash folklore, Udmurt folklore, Mari folklore, language and ethnography. Modern policy, which aims to support ethic features and traditions of folklore, helps to revive the cultural layers, which have been recently lost.
F.p. of Bashkortostan peoples’ folklore as well as its genre peculiarities are also based on the typological folklore. E.g., song art often applies to the compositional technique of parallelism (comparison of nature phenomena and human destiny and deeds): “A beauty collects the berries, /With a basket swinging on her arm. / She makes a pastille from the berries – / As a present to her beloved friend...” (“A beauty”); “I woke up in the morning and went outside, / Nightingale singing astonished me. /Matchmakers are coming, I went to meet them, / They surprised me with their merry visit.” (wedding ceremonial song); “When the morning dawn was getting white, / He also went pale. / When the red Sun rose, / His face blushed...” (commemoration ceremonial song), etc.; zaklichkas, tongue-twisters, chastushkas, etc. are laconic, they have associative sound phrase alliterations and assonances (see Ethnic poesy); benevolences, blessings, munazhats, lamentations, fairytales, etc. are emotional, didactical, etc. Akbuzat, Ural batyr, etc. are popular in the image system of Bashkortostan peoples. Folklore world picture is based on flora and fauna (birch, rowan, viburnum, cornflower, horse, eagle, etc.), cosmogonic (The Sun, the Moon, stars), landscape (the Agidel, Dyema rivers, the Urals, sacred groves, etc.), colloquial lexis used in everyday life (yurt, stove, fire, shawl, bunks, house etc.), somaticisms (head, arms, eyes, etc.), etc.
L.A. Afanasyev, F.G. Galieva, T.G. Minniyakhmetova, N.М. Sirazhitdinova
