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ZAKLICHKA is a kind of ritual folklore, appeals to the phenomena, elements to greet and ask for something by means of spells­magical utterances: “Rain, rain, go, go, / May we be safe and sound / May troubles vanish / May the country live in peace” (Bashk.); “Rain, rain, be heavier, / I'll pour a bowl...

“ZALIFAKAY”,  “Z a l i f a”,  a  Bashkir ethnic song, uzun-kuy. The poetic lyrics and the legend were first registered by A. Yarmukhametov in 1925 in the Dengizbayevo village, Samarskaya District (Samarkiy region). It is published  in  the  “Bashkort  aymagy”  collection (1929, № 7), the melody and...

“ZARIFA”, Bashkir ethnic song, kyska-kuy. The song was registered by S.G. Rybakov from M. Karakaev in 1894 in the Akimbetovo village, Verkhneuralskiy District, Orenburgskaya redion (current Tashbulatovo village, Abzelilovskiy District, RB). It is published in the book “Music and song of the Ural Muslims...

ZARIPOV Nur (Nurmukhamet) Talipovich [15.6.1925 in Derevnya Kuzyanovo, Sterlitamaksky Canton of the BASSR (now Ishimbaysky Raion of the RB) – 6.9.1997 in Ufa] was a  folklorist  and  literary  critic.  Candidate  of Philological Sciences (1964). Participant in the Great  Patriotic War.  Graduated  from...

ZARKUM (from Persian – hypocrite, pretender) is an evil demon in Bashkir mythology that looks like an enormous snake. It appears in the epic called “Ural-batyr” as the son of a tsar, Kakhkakhi snake. It does not have mythical magic powers but is cunning and insidious. Z. tries at all costs to hold Khumay...

“ZAYATULYAK  AND  KHYUKHYLU” (Zayatulyak menen Khyukhylu), a monumental epic work of Bashkir literature. Written in a combined poetic and prosaic form. Was first recorded by V.I. Dal at the beginning of the 19th century. It was printed in the Russian language under the title Bashkir Mermaid in the Moskvityanin...

“ZAYNULLA”,  a  Bashkir  ethnic  song, uzun-kuy.  First  registered  by  K.Khammatov from quaray player S. Bikbulatov in 1939 in the Stariy Sibay village, Baymak District, BASSR. It is published in “Bashkort khalk yirdary” by K.F. Akhmetov. The song is lyrical. The poeti­ cal lyrics are a monologue...

ZELINSKY Roman Fedorovich (25.8. 1935—4.8.2013), folklorist, composer, musicologist. Doctor of Art History (2006). His research pa­ pers are devoted to folk instrumental music of the Bashkirs, tunes, as well as the musical culture of the Finno-­Ugric peoples, including the Mari, Mordovians, and Udmurts....

ZOROASTRIANISM is a religion spread in ancient times and early middle ages in Cen­ tral Asia, Iran, Afghanistan, Azerbaijan and number of other countries of the Middle East. The founder was the prophet Zoroaster (Zarathustra). Avesta is the holy book. According to Z., the creators of the world were...

“ZULKHABIRA”, is a Bashkir ethnic song, uzun-kuy. First registered by L.N. Lebedinskiy from K.G. Mullakaev, quaray player in 1937 in Baymakskiy District; the song is published in the  “Bashkort  khalk  yirdary”  collection  by G.Z. Suleymanov. The song is lyrodramatic. The song “Z.” tells the story...

“ZYULKHIZYA”, is a Bashkir ethnic song, uzun-kuy.  First  registered  in  the  1920’s  by M.A. Burangulov, in 1937 by L.N. Lebedinskiy from M.A. Baimov and published in the “Bashkort khalk yirdary” collection. The song is ly­ rodramatic. The plot is based on the story about the tragic destiny of a girl...