Список материалов
MILITARY HISTORY OF THE BASHKIRS: ENCYCLOPEDIA
“MILITARY HISTORY OF THE BASHKIRS: ENCYCLOPEDIA”, popular science publication (Ufa, 2013). Editor-in-chief A.Z. Asfandiyarov. The chronological framework of the publication covers the period from ancient times to the present. It consists of 2 parts: a monographic essay describing the main milestones...
MESAROSH Dyula
MESAROSH Dyula (28.3.1883–1957), ethnographer, orientalist, folklorist. Doctor of Turkic-Tatar Philology (1909). His research is associated with the study of folklore, languages, and ethnography of the peoples of the Ural-Volga region, including the Bashkirs. M. studied the problems of ethnogenetic...
MERGEN AND MAYANKHYLU
“MERGEN AND MAYANKHYLU”, a monument to Bashkir literature, epos. Registered in 1917 by M.A. Burangulov in Srednee Babalyarovo village, Orenburg District, Orenburg region (Kuyurgazinskiy District, RB) from Gatiyatulla Bikkuzhin; the manuscript didn’t survive to the present day, the typewritten text is...
MEMORY STORY
MEMORY STORY is a folklore oral story representing memories about real events of present days and recent past, can contain elements of fiction. The difference from a simple story is that it is known to a more-or-less wide range of people of a certain location. The narration is usually performed on...
MELODY OF FRIENDSHIP
“MELODY OF FRIENDSHIP” (“Duslyk mono”) i s a F. K u d a s h e v a i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o m p e t i t i o n o f p e r f o r m e r s o f B a s h k i r a n d T a t a r s o n g s. It has been held since 1991 in Neftekamsk in order to develop and enrich the cultures of fraternal...
MASLENITSA
MASLENITSA is a calendar holiday consisting of ritual cycles dedicated to the end of winter and coming spring. Its origin is connected to the pagan traditions of praying to deities and natural powers (see Earth-Water, Zoroastrianism). It correlates with the Solar calendar and is celebrated throughout...
MARYANA
“MARYANA”, folk and pop ensemble of the Sterlitamak branch of Bashkir State University. It was formed in 1994. In 2003, it earned the title “People’s.” I.E. Karpukhin contributed to the formation of the team. The repertoire includes Russian folk songs “Goryana,” “Down the bridge we walked,” “Ladies...
MARI HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CENTER
MARI HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CENTER o f t h e R B, a public organization, branch of the House of Peoples’ Friendship. Established in 2003 in the village Mishkino of Mishkinsky district of the RB in order to safeguard the native language, traditions, customs, identity, folklore, of the Mari, and for...
MARI ETHNIC SONG
MARI ETHNIC SONG of the republic can be divided into chastushkas, ceremonial songs, etc. The collection published by Finnish scientist A. Genetz (in 1887 and 1895, the 2nd collection was published by Finnish scientist V. Porkk) includes more than 100 songs of Maris from the east of the republic. In...
MARI FOLKLORE
MARI FOLKLORE in Bashkortostan has variety of genres: riddles, signs, proverbs, and idioms, fairytales about animals, magic and everyday life, bylichkas, spells and incantations as well as lore, legends, ceremonies and other songs, ethnic dramas, etc.
The study of M.f. was started in the 19th c. The...
MANZHUR
“MANZHUR”, Bashkir ethnic song, uzun-kuy. A song is lyro-dramatic. The original work of “M.”, named after Manchuria (China), is connected with events which took place during the Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905. Supposedly the song was composed by the war participant Ramazan Yarmukhametov known as...
MAKHMUT ON FOOT
“MAKHMUT ON FOOT”, Bashkir ethnic naigrysh melody. First registered with a phonograph by L.N. Lebedinskiy in 1939 from I.S. Dilmukhametov, published in the book “Bashkort khalk yirdary”. The music style is dancing. The origin of “M.F.” is connected with a legend of Makhmud-sesen, who travelled on foot...
MAGIC
MAGIC (from Greek magejia – sorcery), is rituals connected with the belief that a person (a magician) can influence other people and nature. It originated in primitive society. Usually bakses, shamans, imse, sorcerers, priests etc. conduct the magical rituals. There are different types of M.: verbal...
MADINAKAY
“MADINAKAY”, Bashkir ethnic song, uzun-kuy. First registered in the 1940s by Z.G. Ismagilov, published in “Bashkort khalk yirdary” collection. The song is based on the legend about a girl called Madina and her sad destiny. She was forced to marry a man she did not love and soon she became a widow. According...
M. AKMULLA PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY
M. AKMULLA PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY B a s h k i r s t a t e. Founded in 1967 in Ufa. The University’s school of Bashkir Philology has the M. Akmulla room, A.M. Suleymanov research and educational laboratory of ethnography and folklore of the peoples of Eurasia; folk storytelling school of sesen: headed...
LYUBIZAR
“LYUBIZAR”, a Bashkir ethnik song, kyska-kyuy. The song’s lyrics were first recorded by F.K.Tuykin in the 1910s. The L. appearance is connected with the events of the Patriotic War of 1812 and Foreign Campaigns of the Russian army of 1813–14. According to the legend, after one of the great battles M.I.Kutuzov...
LULLABY
“LULLABY”, Bashkir ethnic song, uzun-kuy. The legend and a variant of the song were first registered by K.M. Diyarov in 1972 in Kugarchinskiy District from M. Suleymanova and published in the book “Sal Uraldyn Mondary” (1988). The song is lyrodramatic. According to the legend, it was composed by a...
LITERATURE AND FOLKLORE.
LITERATURE AND FOLKLORE. The relationship of L. and F. are complex and multifaceted. Writers applied oral ethnic art at every stage of literature development. Studying art folklore makes national literature develop in its own way. The writers use quotes and borrow ethnic styles and, moreover, understand...
LEPYOKHIN Ivan Ivanovich
LEPYOKHIN Ivan Ivanovich (10.9.1740, St. Petersburg – 6.4.1802, Ibid.), Traveller, Ethnographer. Acad. of the Academy of Sciences and Arts (1771). Leader of Academic expeditions of 1768–74. He described the structure of summer nomad camps of Bashkirs, the methods of cooking meat (bishbarmak, salma)...
LEGEND
LEGEND is a short oral fantastic folklore story that claims to be true. The motifs and images of L. often originate from myths in Bashkortostan peoples’ folklore (see Myths). There are types of L.: 1) cosmogonic – about the creation of the world and space bodies [Bashk.: “Two ducks that created the...
