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KHYZYR, K h a d i r (from Arabic “green”) is a character in Muslim mythology that combines the features of different characters belonged to pre-Islamic mythologies of Middle East and aulia (spiritual struggler, who was granted protection and magical power by Allah). According to legend he found a source...

KIREY MERGEN [Kireyev Akhnyaf Nuriyevich (Nurmukhammetovich); 28.6.1912, Kigazytamakovo village, Birskiy district, Ufimskaya region (Mishkinskiy district, RB) – 24.1.1984, Ufa], a writer, folklorist, literary critic. Doctor of philology (1963), Professor (1966). Participant of the great Patriotic war....

“KNITTING A SHAWL”, Bashkir ethnic song, kyska-kuy. It was first registered by S. Gabyashi and published in his “Bashkir ethnic songs” collection (Ufa, 1935). It is common round, dancing and playing takmak. It has a ternary measure structure of the chant. The takmak’s mode is a major pentatonic. The...

“KOBLAN-BATYR”, a monument of Bashkir literature, epos. Was widespread among the Bashkirs, in the present day there is only one variant preserved: the copy of a record of the1920–1930s (lost) made by S. Suyundukova who lived in the Yultyevo village, Krasnogvardeyskiy District, Orenburg region. It was...

“KOBZAR”     U k r a i n i a n  e t h n i c  c u l t u r a l  c e n t e r  i n  B a s h k o r t o s t a n, an NGO established in Ufa in 1990. Operates the Union of Ukrainian Women “Bereginya”, Ukrainian Youth Union “Plast”. Holds annual holidays Christmas, Kupala Night, festivals of Ukrainian culture...

“KOBZAR”, Ukrainian song choir. It was established in 1991 at Ordzhonikidze Palace of Culture; since 2000 it has been the city cultural and leisure center of Ufa. In 1996, he was awarded the title “People’s” of RB; in 2017, it earned the same in Ukraine. The repertoire includes Ukrainian folk songs:...

“KODRU” M o l d a v i a n s   e t h n i c  c u l t u r a l  c e n t e r  i n  B a s h k o r t o s t a n, an NGO established in Ufa in 2007. Participated in the 2nd (2009; organized an exhibition of Moldavian ethnic utensils, handicraft, musical instruments) and 3rd (2015) congresses of Bashkortostan...

“KOKHAV” (“Star”) a  J e w i s h  N G O  i n  B a s h k o r t o s t a n. Established in Ufa in 1994. The successor to “Shtern” Jewish Culture Society established in 1988. Jewish Sunday school has been operating at school No. 40 in Ufa since 1991. Hebrew courses were started in “Shtern” in 1993 and continue...

KOLPAKOVA Natalya Pavlovna [5(18).4.1902–8.6.1994], folklorist, writer, literary critic. Doctor of Philology (1963). Her research is devoted to the study of Russian song folklore.K. collected more than 40,000 folklore texts, including 19 wedding songs recorded in Bashkortostan, which became part of...

KOLYADKA,  k o l y a d a,   k o l e d o v a, k o l a d n a y a s o n g is a calendar­ritual art form of the Slavic people. It is sung during Yuletide around the time of kolyadovaniye and the New Sun’s birth celebration, the symbol of which was Kolyada. K. aimed to call for a good harvest, offspring...

KOMISSAROV Guriy Ivanovich (21.9.1883– 25.2.1969), educator, local historian, founder of the Chuvash folklore and literary studies, public figure. Candidate of Theology (1913). He studied the history and ethnography of the Chuvash people, collected historical, ethnographic, and folklore materials about...

KONDRATYEV  Mikhail  Grigoryevich (b. 9.8.1948), musicologist, folklorist. Doctor of Art History (1995), Professor (1998). His research is devoted to the study of rhythm in Chuvash folk and professional music, the formation of the ethnic school of composers, and the art heritage of Chuvash ethnic music...

KOROTAYEVA Larisa Valeryevna (b. 1.1. 1974), linguist. Candidate of Philology (2005). Her scientific works are devoted to the dialectology, lexicology of the Chuvash language, calendar ceremonies and holidays of the Chuvash people. Author of more than 165 research papers. Project Manager of the Russian...

“KRASNY YAR”, Russian historical and cultural center, public organization, branch of the House of Peoples’ Friendship. It was created in 1998 in the village Krasny Yar of Ufa district of the RB in order to preserve and revive the rites, folklore, and folk crafts of the Russian people. Russian culture...

KRUGLYASHOVA Vera Petrovna (24.8. 1923–26.10.2001), folklorist, philologist. Doctor of Philology (1977), Professor (1978). Her research is devoted to the non-fairytale folk prose of the mining districts of the Urals and the problems of field folklore. Author of more than 50 research papers. The materials...

KUALA are ancestral and family sanctuar ies of Udmurts, where people worshiped the clan’s protectors – voshshud spirits. They look like small wooden buildings with earth floor, without ceiling and windows and with a 2­pitched roof. There is an open stone hearth with a cauldron hung above it or installed...

KUBAGUSH‑SESEN, Bashkir poet­-improviser. The name K.­S. is mentioned in the fables such as “Kubagush-Sesen”, “Karas and Karasakal”, the ulyane of a Kazakh akyn Bisyanbay. According to fable “Kubagush­-Sesan”, K.­S. lived in the late 15th to mid-16th centuries. He initiated the accession of Bashkortostan...

KUBAIR,  1)  is  a  glorifying  song  (from Bashkir “koba” – excellent, glorified and “yir” – song); 2) is a clan’s or tribe’s song, is an equivalent of “heroic song” or “heroic epic” terms. K. poetry has 7th meter structure. The stanzas vary from 4 to 30 or more lines with pair or mixed rhyme. The...

KUBYZ, a Bashkir self­sounding reed musical instrument. Made of metal or wood (rarely bone), about 8 cm long. Metal K. is a horseshoe with tapering ends. The middle holds a thin steel reed with a curved end; a wooden one holds a rectangular plate made of birch or maple with a reed cut in it. When playing...

“KUDYRONGYR” (“Primrose”) is the Mari folklore ensemble of Arlanovskiy RHC, Krasnokamenskiy district, RB. It was organized in 2004, in 2012 it received the title “national”. I.I. Italyeva, honored artist  of  the  Republic of Mari­-El and RB, is the art­director of the ensemble. Repertoir of “K.” includes...