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“SYRDARYA”, is a Bashkir ethnic song, uzun-kuy. The song melody was firstly written down by S.G. Rybakov in 1894 in Yulukovo village of Orskiy District of Orenburgskaya region (now Baymakskiy District, RB) and published in “Music and songs of the Ural Muslims and their household description”. The song...

“SYABRY” (“Friends”), a Belorusian song ensemble of the Baltic rural multifunctional club in Iglino district of Bashkortostan. Organized in 1996 by the honored worker of culture of RB A.N. Kharitonov. In 2001 it was titled “People’s”. The band’s repertoire includes Belorusian folk songs: “Tuman yaram”,...

“SURA-BATYR”, a monument of Bashkit literature, epos. It has a poetic and prose form. The stories about Sura­batyr were registered at different times by K.G. Gabitov, K.M. Diyarov, Kirey Mergen, R.K. Nasyrov, B.G. Akhmetshin. The epic is based on the plots of Bashkir lores and kubairs about Sura­batyr...

SUMBULYA is a Bashkir and Tatar holiday dedicated to theautumnequinox(September 22–25). It is held as a “Festival of an ear”, “Harvest festival” after the general field labors are over. S. is the name of the zodiac calendar month. The calendar was used by Bashkirs and Tatars before the Julian calendar...

SULTANOV Abdulla (also transliterated as Gabdulla) Afzalovich [b.25.9.1928 in Derevnya Kubagushevo, Tamyan­Kataysky Canton of the BASSR (now, Uchalinsky Raion of the RB)] is a folk singer. People’s Artist of the RB (1996) and Merited Cultural Sector Professional of the BASSR (1986). Laureate of the...

SULTANGAREYEVA Rozaliya Asfandiyarovna (b. 28.3.1955), folklorist. Folk sesen (2018). Doctor of Philology (2003). Her research is devoted to the study of the origins, mythopoetic, and ethnographic features of Bashkir ritual poetry, game, religious, ceremonial, and choreographic folklore, as well as...

SULEYMANOV, Gata Zulkafilovich (15.6. 1912, Derevnya Trukhmenevo 1st of Orsky Uyezd of Orenburg Gub., now Selo Turkmenevo 1st of Baymaksky Raion of the RB, – 25.6. 1988, Ufa), Actor, Singer (baritone), Kurai Player, Teacher. People’s Artist of the BASSR (1963), Merited Worker of Culture of the RSFSR...

SULEYMANOV Rif Safinovich (b. 9.6. 1936), musicologist, folklorist. Doctor of Art History (2006). His research is devoted to the study of genres of Bashkir ethnic song, ceremonies, as well as the reconstruction of the dumbyra, dungur, and kyl-kubyz. Author of more than 30 research papers, 5 invention...

SULEYMANOV Akhmet Mukhametvaleyevich (15.3.1939 in Derevnya Nabiyevo, Burzyansky Raion of the BASSR – 21.11.2016 in Ufa, buried in his homeland). Associate Member of the AS RB (2016), Dr. Sci. (Philology, 1991) and Full Professor (1995). Merited Scientist of the Russian Federation (2006) and the RB...

“SUKAN-BATYR”, Bashkir kubair. It was first registered by N.D. Shunkarov from a kuray player, Safargali Sultanbekov, in 1962 in Norkino village, Argayashskiy District, Chelyabinskaya region. It is published in D.Z. Valeev’s book called “Spiritual heritage of the Bashkirs from Argayashskiy District”...

“SUDARUSHKI”, Russian song choir of Uchaly Philharmonic. Created in 1978 as a choir of Russian songs at the house of culture “Gornyak” of Uchaly Mining and Processing Plant; it has had its current status since 2000; it has had its current name since 2017. In 1987 it was titled “People’s”. The repertoire...

STORYTELLER  is  a  person  who  tells narratives, ethnic epic songs, he is a folklore medium. S. could create variations, their own interpretations of the stories according to their skills, peculiarities of the narrative, place and time  of  telling.  S.  often  played  doumbyra, kuray or kubyz while...

STORY is an oral story about events that happened a long time ago, claims to be truth. It often comes from stories of eyewitnesses (see Memory story). L. is told from one person to another and the plot transforms due to poetical interpretation, artistic fiction and variety. The plausibility of a L....

“STEPPE YARKEY”, Bashkir ethnic song, uzun-kuy. First registered by M.A. Burangulov in the 1930’s in Mryasovo village, Novosergievskiy District, Orenburgskaya region, its variants were published in the “Bashkort khalk yirdary” collection (instru­ mental variant was registered by K.F. Akhmetov from G.G....

“ST. NICOLAS TEMPLE”  R u s s i a n h i s t o r i c a l  a n d   c u l t u r a l   c e n t e r, public organization, branch of the Bashkortostan house of Peoples’ Friendship. It was created in 1994 in the village Nikolo-Berezovka of Krasnokamsky district of the RB in order to safeguard and revive the...

SQUEEZEBOX, a pneumatic keyboard musical instru­ment. The body consists of left and right keyboards and bellows between. The sound source consists of free­flowing metal tabs fixed in the slots of metal frames. The right key­ board is designed for playing a melody; the left one is for bass­ chord accompaniment...

“SQUADRON”, Bashkir ethnic song, khalmak-kuy. It was registered by G.Z. Suleymanov from Kharis Khakimov in 1929 in the 2nd Trukhmenevo village, Zilairskiy canton BASSR (now 2nd Turkmenevo, Baymakskiy District, RB). The lyrics are published in “Bashkir ethnic art” (1st v., 1954). The lyrics and noted...

SPELL, spellcasting is a genre of ritual folklore, verbal formula, which aim to influence an object. Its origin is connected with pagan ethnic beliefs. It has poetic and prose form. Poetic S. are uttered in a recitative manner. The actions mentioned in S. should produce the desired effect in reality....

SOUL is the spiritual essence of a person, a special immaterial immortal power that lives in a person’s body (sometimes in the bodies of animals, plants). It leaves him when he dies or sleeps and appears again after a person dies in other material shape, according to religious be­ liefs. It is an independent...

“SONGS OF THE EASTERN MARI” (“Ervel mariy muro-vlak”), a set of samples of the Mari folklore (Yoshkar-Ola, 1994). Compiled by G.G. Gadiatov. The collection includes materials from the folklore expedition of the 1990s by the Mari Research Institute of Language, Literature, and History to various districts...