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TYPOLOGY OF FOLKLORE is a regular universal repeatability caused by a number of factors and receiving different (typological) expressions, which is expanded over all the spheres of folklore art; is a set of features determining the repeatability and its kind (according to B.N. Putilov). Typological...

TUYKIN Fazyl Karimovich (10.6.1887– 15.2.1938), writer, folklorist. T. recorded ethnic songs, incl. “Lyubizar”. Compiler of the collections “Constellation of Songs” (1912) and “Collection of Songs” (1914), which are among the first systematic collections of Bashkir and Tatar songs....

“TUYALYAS”, is a Bashkir ethnic song, uzun‑kuy. First registered by G.Z. Suleymanov in 1931 in the 1st Turkmenevo village, Baymak-Tanalykskiy District, BASSR (Baymakskiy District, RB). It is published in “Bashkort khalk yirdary” by K.F. Akhmetov. According to the legend registered from K.M. Diyarov,...

TULPAR is a winged horse in Bashkir mythology. It is the character from fairytales (“Alpamysha-batyr”, “Almabatyr and Almabike”, “Taz-batyr” etc.) and epics (“Aldar and Zukhra”, “Kuziykurpyas and Mayankhylu”, “Koblan-batyr” etc.). Akbuzat is the ancestor of T. According to legend, “The first destriers-tulpars”...

TULGAU is an improvisation song consisting of tirades. Etymologically it comes from the notions “to sing” (from Yakut – “dolgokhut”) and “to think/to ponder” (from Chuvash – “tulak” – thinking). T. contains thoughts, philosophical and ethical judgements of sesen T. existed among the Turkic tribes before...

“TUKHVAT-KANTОN”, is a Bashkir ethnic song, uzun-kuy. First registered in 1931 in Gaitovo village, Uralskaya District by Z.S. Shakirov from I. Iskandarov. The lyrics were published in the “Bashkir ethnic art” collection (1st v., 1954), the lyrics with the notes were published in the “Songs of my people”...

TSVETAEVA LITERARY, HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CENTER, public organization, branch of the House of Peoples’ Friendship. It was created in 1998 in the village Usen-Ivanovskoye in Belebeyevsky district of the RB in order to safeguard and revive the cultural heritage, folklore, and traditional forms of life...

TRINITY is one of the main Christian holidays honoring God in His three images – Father, Son and the Holy Spirit. The day was to memorize the descent of the Holy Spirit to the apostles, it is held on the 50th day after Easter. It is celebrated either for 1 day (On Sunday) or for 3 days (from Sunday...

TRANSLATIONS OF FOLKLORE TEXTS. The history of folklore identifies Bashkir epic monuments translated into the Russian language: “Kuz-Kurpyach” translated by T.S. Belyayev (1812), “Bashkir mermaid” (“Zayatulyak and Khyukhyku”) in the authors interpretation by V.V. Dal (1843); “Bashkir ethnic fairytales”...

TOTEMISM is a traditional belief based on the idea that there is a supernatural kinship between a human and his so-called totem: an animal, a plant, less often a natural phenomenon or an inanimate object. The members of a clan or a clan unit, as a rule, were prohibited to hunt the totemic birds or animals,...

TONGUE-TWISTER is a folklore genre, rhythmized prose or poetic piece of art based on a combination of the sounds, words, phrases which are difficult to pronounce to improve children's speech. T. represents real events of everyday routine; the content is often humorous. Each text is strictly ethnic and...

The territory of the Bashkortostan republic is the place where besides the native people - Bashkirs, more than 100 peoples of different nationalities live. They settled here in different times, but managed to preserve the folklore of their ancestors and add new local features to it. The most significant...

THEATER AND FOLKLORE. Initial forms of theatre were observed in the 6–8 c. in Bashkortostan as a part of rituals, ethnic games, holidays, round dances. The origin and development of theatre is connected with oral ethnic art. Magical actions of Bashkirs and other people of Bashkortostan included theatrical...

“THE SAZ-RIVER”, “B a n k s  o f  t h e  C h i z h   r i v e r”, “De v a s t a t i o n”, Bashkir ethnic song, uzun-kuy. First registered by A. Yarmikhametov in 1925 in Dengizbayevo village, Samarskaya region. It is published in the “Bashkort aymagy” collection (1929, №7). The song is dramatic. “S.­r.”...

“THE ROUTE”, Bashkir ethnic naigrysh melody. First registered by L.N. Lebedinskiy in 1939 from K. Akhmetzyanov in Beloretsk District, published in “Bashkort khalk yirdary”. The melody resembles a dance-march. The origins of “M.” is connected with military service of the Bashkirs in the 18-19th centuries....

“THE LOOP”, Bashkir ethnic song, uzun-kuy. First registered by L.N. Lebedinskiy in 1938, published in the “Bashkort khalk yirdary” collection by N.Idelbay. The song is lyro-dramatic. The main theme is social inequality. Performed on behalf of poor people, who respected their human dignity. The distinctive...

“THE KHAN’S DAUGHTER”, a Bashkir ethnic song, khalmak-kuy. It was first recorded by N.D. Shunkarov from Salima Suleymanova in 1964 in Islamgulovo village and by S.A. Galin from Asamandiyar Yanyshev in Kultay-Karan village, Alsheyevskiy District, BASSR (both of the villages are in Miyakinskiy District,...

THE DANCE THEATRE o f  t h e  S t e r l i t a m a k  P h i l h a r m o n i c.  Created in 1991. The founder and first art director was H.A. Ishberdin. The   repertoire   is   based   on smaller  ballet performances, musically choreographed miniatures and dance. The compositions are mainly based on the...

“THE CRANE SONG” (Syngrau torna), a Bashkir folk melody. For the first time, versions of the legend and its mel­ odies were recorded by S.G. Rybakov and published in the book Music and Songs of Ural Muslims with an Essay on their Life. A lyrical­epic tune. The performance of the melody is preceded by...

THE  PEOPLES  OF  BASHKORTOSTAN: ENCYCLOPAEDIA (2014; Editor-in-chief – F.G.Khisamitdinova), prepared by Scientific Publishing Complex Bashkir Encyclopaedia. It has a theme-alphabetical structure, consists of 2 sections: The Peoples of Bashkortostan are One Family, Ethnology in Bashkortostan. The book...