Список материалов
ANTHROPOLOGICAL TYPES
ANTHROPOLOGICAL TYPES, a system of inherited human features, characteristic of a certain group of people. A.t. are formed as a result of racogenesis and ethnogenesis. As a result of a research, there are 4 basic A.t. of Bashkirs: Sub-Ural, Pontian, Light Europeoid, South Siberian. The Sub-Ural type...
ANSERIFORMES
ANSERIFORMES, an order of birds. There are 2 known families and about 150 know species. There are 33 species of Anatidae family in the RB. Waterfowl, migratory birds of large (swans with body length up to 180 cm, and body mass up to 13.6 kg) and medium (common teal with body length up to 38 cm and body...
ANNUAL GRASSES
ANNUAL GRASSES, a group of agricultural plants with a life cycle of a single year. After ripening their seeds the plant dies. Cultivated for hay, green fodder or pasture. They give high yields of herbage, have a fairly high nutritional value. There are legumes (spring and winter vetch, annual clover,...
ANIMISM
ANIMISM (from Latin anima – soul, spirit) is the belief in existence of souls and spirits, supernatural, supersensible images that appear as active objects and phenomena of the material world in religious thinking. Souls and spirits couldbeamorphous,phitomorphous,zoomorphous, anthropomorphous creatures,...
ANIMATED FILMS
ANIMATED FILMS, a type of cinema art works which are created by phase-by-stage shooting of drawings and three-dimensional compositions. In Bashkortostan, the first animated film was shot in 1967 by A.M.Valeyev (The Adventures of Petya Petrushin, a puppet film). In the 1980s, animated films were made,...
ANIMALS AND BIRDS CULT
ANIMALS AND BIRDS CULT, zoolatry, religious veneration based on the concept of a certain kinship between man and a totem animal or bird, endowing supernatural properties to it (ref. Totemism, Cult of ancestors). Having changed, it partially survived and found reflection in the various aspects of culture.
The...
ANIKIN Vladimir Prokopyevich
ANIKIN Vladimir Prokopyevich (6.8.1924– 25.9.2018), folklorist. Doctor of Philology (1974). Honored Professor of MSU. His research is devoted to the study of the history and theory of folklore, genres of Russian folklore, and folklore in the works of Russian writers of the 19th and 20th centuries. He...
ANCIENT UFA
ANCIENT UFA, a Republican history and culture museum and reserve. Located in Ufa. Founded in 2011 in order to preserve, popularize and study the Gorodishche Ufa II archeological artifact of federal significance. Dating back to the 4th and 14th centuries AD, this artifact is the main cultural heritage...
AMZINSKY LESOKOMBINAT
AMZINSKY LESOKOMBINAT, AO. Performs the full production cycle: harvesting, mechanical and added-value chemical processing of wood. Produces merchantable wood, lumber, solid wood furniture, board parquet, firewood, trim molding, charcoal, ethyl acetate, wood resin, activated carbon, vinegar acid, etc....
AMPHIBIANS
AMPHIBIANS (Amphibia), a class of vertebrates. There are about 4500 known species. There are tailed and tail less orders of A. with 12 species. They have body length range of 4–12 cm. Adult species eat animal food, while larvae eat small invertebrates and sea weed. A. lead aquatic, paraaquatic and terrestrial...
AMIROV, Mubarakyan Vasfiyevich
AMIROV, Mubarakyan Vasfiyevich [3.7. 1886, Derevnya Burayevo of Birsky Uyezd of Ufa Gub. (Burayevsky Raion of the RB) – 7.3.1968, Ufa], Librarian, Bibliographer. After graduating from the Gusmaniya madrassa (Ufa, 1906), he worked as a teacher at rural schools. Since 1911 – worked at Shark...
AMIROV, Gilvan Gilmutdinovich
AMIROV, Gilvan Gilmutdinovich (12.5. 1916, Ufa – 1.6.1991, Ibid.), Cameraman. Merited Cultural Worker of the RSFSR (1977), Merited Artist of the BASSR (1948). Completed a training course at the Vostokkino Yalta Film Factory (1932). Between 1933–41, he worked as an assistant cameraman at the Ufa Newsreel...
AMINEV Zakiryan Galimyanovich
AMINEV Zakiryan Galimyanovich (b. 30.1. 1954), philosopher, ethnographer. Candidate of Philosophy (2010). His research is devoted to mythology, preIslamic worldview, and traditional culture of the Bashkirs. Author of more than 200 research papers....
AMBASSADORS OF THE URALS
AMBASSADORS OF THE URALS (Ural Ilselere), the opera by Z.G.Ismagilov in 3 acts based on the drama of I.I.Dilmukhametov Living Land. Written in 1981. The premiere took place on March 30th, 1982 on the stage of the Palace of Culture and Technology of OAO UZEMIK (libretto by Dilmukhametov, music director...
AMATEUR ART GROUPS
AMATEUR ART GROUPS is one of the forms of individual and collective folk art. Implies the creation and execution of art works by amateurs. Participants of the amateur art groups are either members of various art teams under the cultural and leisure institutions, educational institutions and other organizations...
AMANTAY (Amantayev), Gabdulla Gareyicevh
AMANTAY (Amantayev), Gabdulla Gareyicevh (23.2.1907, Derevnya Verkhne-Kunakbayevo of Orenb. Uyezd of the same name gub. (now Selo Verkhne-Kunakbay of Perevolotsky Raion of Orenb. Obl.) — 10.7.1938), Writer and Philologist. Member of the Union of Writers of the BASSR. Studied in the Khusainiya Madrasa....
AMANTAY (Amantayev) Gabdulla Gareyevich
AMANTAY (Amantayev) Gabdulla Gareyevich (23.2.1907, Derevnya VerkhneKunakbayevo of Orenb. Uyezd of the same name gub. (now Selo Verkhne Kunakbay of Perevolotsky Raion of Orenb. Obl.) – 10.7.1938), Writer and Philologist. Member of the Union of Writers of the BASSR. Graduated from the Leningrad Institute...
ALYAN
ALYAN, a mountain, a natural monument (2003). Located 4 km W of Selo Abzanovo of Zianchurinsky Raion. Abs. alt. — 359 m. There are caves; the slopes are steep. There are rare species of plants: Astragalus helmii, Stipa korshinskyi, Fritillaria ruthenica, Galatella divaricata, Tulipa Biebersteiniana,...
ALYABIEV Aleksandr Aleksandrovich
ALYABIEV Aleksandr Aleksandrovich (15.8.1787–6.3.1851), Russian composer. Participant of the Patriotic War of 1812. A. laid the foundation of Russian musical Orientalism, created a number of works using elements of the musical folklore of the peoples of the Caucasus, Central Asia, and the Southern Urals....
ALTYNBIKA Fauziya Galimovna
ALTYNBIKA Fauziya Galimovna (real name Kutlugildina; b. 7.1.1952), storyteller. Folk sesen (2018). Author of 8 books of poetry, which include aytyshs, beyets, munazhats, nasikhats, kubairs, fairy tales, legends, etc. K’s poems were made into songs by Kh.Kh. Dilmukhametov, M.M. Sufiyanova, F. Kh. Uzyanbayeva...
