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SHAMANISM (from the Evenk language shaman, saman – exited, ecstatic person) is one of the earliest forms of religion based on the idea that a shaman (priest of the cult) communicates with the spirits during kamlaniye singing (mystical action). It is connected with animism, magic, totemism, fetishism;...

SHAKUROVA Shaura Rashitovna (b. 10.12. 1967), folklorist, screenwriter, playwright. Candidate of Philology (1998). Her research is devoted to the problems of Bashkir epic studies, mythology, and textology. Author of more than 40 research papers. Sh.’s novel “Let the wind carry my words away...” is written...

SHAKUROV Rashit Zakirovich (b. 11.1. 1937), linguist, poet. Doctor of Philology (1998), Professor (2012). His research is devoted to the problems of Bashkir linguistics, literary studies, folklore, toponymy, dialectology. Author of more than 400 research papers. Sh. wrote out the versions of the epics...

“SHAGIBARAK”, is a Bashkir ethnic song, uzun-kuy. It was first written down by S.G. Rybakov in 1894 from Abdrakhman Davletov in Yuluk village of Orskiy District of Orenburgskaya region (current Baymakskiy District, RB) and published in “Music and songs of the Ural Muslims and their household description”...

“SHAFIK”, is a Bashkir ethnic song, uzun-kuy. Registered by G.Z. Suleymanov in 1938 in Temyasovo village, Baymakskiy District, BASSR from A. Karimov and published in “Bashkir ethnic art” (1st v., 1954). The lyrics and notes were registered by N.D. Shunkarov from Y.F. Akmurzin in 1965 in Blyavtamak village,...

“SEVEN GIRLS”, 1) Bashkir ethnic song, khalmak-kuy. First registered by L.N. Lebedinskiy from K. Akhmetzyanov in 1939 in Beloretskiy District. It is published in “Bashkort khalk yirdary”. The song is lyro­-dramatic. According to the version told by K. Islamov (from Isyanovo village, Baymakskiy district)...

“SEVAŃ”  t h e  A r m e n i a n s   e t h n i c   c u l t u r a l   c e n t e r   i n   B a s h k o r t o s t a n, a NGO established in Ufa in 1998. “S.” participated in the 2nd (2009) and 3rd (2015) Congresses of Bashkortostan Peoples’ Assembly. Based at school # 10 in Ufa, the Armenian Sunday school...

SESEN CENTER o f t h e R e p u b l i c o f B a s h k o r t o s t a n was established in 2015 at the center of folk art in order to develop folklore, revive sesen art, and tell-tale art. S.C. holds various competitions and folklore festivals devoted to the anniversaries of well-known sesens, etc. At...

SESEN (presumably from Mong. tsetsen – wise), a poet and improviser among the Bashkirs; a storyteller. S. performed their works in a recitative manner (often accompanied by the dumbyra musical instrument). Their Golden age was the period of the 16–18th centuries. Famous S.: Kubagush-sesen, Yeranse­sesen,...

“SERDESH” (“Confidante”) is a folklore ensemble of Belyankovskiy RHC, Belokatayskiy district, RB. It was founded in 2001, received a title “national” in 2006, in 2020 – “Honored collective of ethnic art of RB”. Artistic Direc­tor – S.M.Akhtyamova. The ensemble repertoire includes Bashkir ethnic songs,...

SCIENTIFIC ARCHIVE OF URC RAS accepts and stores the documents of URS RAS, its institutions, personal documents of the scientists, materials of expeditions, etc. Founded in 1956. It is a part of the archive collection of RAS. There are 15 scientific institutions in the list of sources. It contains 123...

SAYING is a saying figuratively defining the essence of objects or phenomena, primarily from the prospective of its quality. Although I. usually describes typical situations, it also has certain specific meaning. I. like a proverb becomes specific through the context of speech, it is often used in its...

“SARBÍ”, Chuvash pop­-folk ensemble. It was established in 2000 at Sterlitamak City Philharmonic; since 2013 it has been a part of Sterlitamak State Theater and Concert Asso­ ciation. The first Chuvash professional team in Bashkortostan. The repertoire of the ensemble includes Chuvash folk songs and...

SAMRAU, samrigush is a mythological image, a Bashkir folklore character. Its origin is connected with Iranian Simurg. The “Ural-batyr” epic shows S. as an anthropomorphous creature, the master of the sky and birds. The Sun and the Moon are his wives, Khumay and Aykhylu are his daughters. People live...

SALTYKOV Ivan Vasilyevich (1897, according to other data, 1893–May 1986), musicologist, folklorist, music and public figure. Author of more than 20 Bashkir folk songs for voice and piano, soloist, choir, and symphony orchestra (“Irendyk”, “Kagarman-Canton”, “Salavat”, “Tashtugay”, etc). S. recorded...

SALMANOVA Liliya Kutlukhuzhevna (b. 20.11.1947), musicologist. Author of more than 100 research papers on Bashkir folklore and musical ethnography. One of the compilers of the collections “Bashkir Khalyk Izhady” and “Bashkir Folk Art”; compiler of “Bashkir folk drawling songs”(2007)....

“SALIMAKAY”, Bashkir ethnic song, uzun-kuy. The legend of the song’s origin was first registered in the 1920’s by M.A. Burangulov. The song was registered by S. Gabyashi from A. Karimov in 1934. It is published inthe“Bashkort khalk yirdary” collection. The song is lyrical. Presumably,  Buranbay-sesen...

SALAVAT YULAYEV [16.6.1754 (according to other data, 1752), Derevnya Tekeyevo of Shaitan­-Kudeyskaya Volost of Siberian Doroga – 26.9.1800, Baltiysky Port of Estland Gub., now Paldiski, Estonia], National Hero of the Bashkir people, participant of the Peasant War of 1773–75, associate of Ye.I.Pugachyov...

“SALAVAT”, Bashkir ethnic song, kyska-kuy. First registered by L.N. Lebedinskiy from B.M. Magadeeva in 1937 and published in “Bashkort khalk yirdary”. The song is lyroepic. It glorifies Salavat Yulaev and denounces the tsar, the nobles, Bashkir bais (rich landlords) and murzas (aristocrats). The melody...

“SAL URALDYN MONDARY” (“Melodies of the Hoary Urals”), a collection of folk songs and instrumental melodies in the Bashkir language (Ufa, 1988). Compiled by F.Kh. Kamayev, R.Z. Shakurov. The collection is based on folk songs andsong­legendsfrom the repertoire of K.M. Diyarov. It consists of an introductory...