Список материалов
ALEKSEYEVSKY
ALEKSEYEVSKY, state collective farm, state unitary agricultural enterprise. Located in Ufimsky Raion, the central farm is in Selo Alekseyevka. Established in 1990 out of Ufa Greenhouse Collective Farm; since 1998 has its current status. A. consists of: a greenhouse facility, a complex facility for admission, ...
ALIFBA
ALIFBA (ABC book), a textbook for initial literacy education (ref. Alphabet). Based on the Cyrillic alphabet, the first A. was The Primer for the Bashkirs (1892, the author – presumably, V.V.Katarinsky). The Primer for the Bash kirs by A.G.Bessonov (1907), etc. Based on the Arabic script, textbook...
ALLAYAROVA, Nazhiya Khibatovna
ALLAYAROVA, Nazhiya Khibatovna (b.15.7.1936, Derevnya Novobayramgulovo of Uchalinsky Raion of the BASSR), Singer (lyrical coloratura soprano). People’s Artist of the BASSR (1977), Merited Artist of the RSFSR (1982) and BASSR (1971). Graduated from the Music Pedagogical Institute named after the Gnesins...
ALLOPLANT
ALLOPLANT, a graft composed of collagenous animal and human tissues. This graft was developed at the AllRussian Eye and Plastic Surgery Centre under the guidance of E.R.Muldashev. In 1987 it was recommended for clinical use by the Ministry of Health of the RSFSR. The starting materials for A. are ligaments,...
ALPAMYSHA AND BARSYNKHYLU
ALPAMYSHA AND BARSYNKHYLU (Alpamysha menen Barsynkhylu), a monumental epic work of Bashkir literature. Written in a combined poetic and prosaic form. First recorded by A.G.Bessonov in Orenb. Gub. at the end of the 19th — early 20th century. Various versions of the epic poem under the title Alpamysha,...
ALTYN SOLOK
ALTYN SOLOK (Golden Wild Hive), zoological wildlife reserve of 90.7 thous. ha in the territory of Burzyansky Raion. Organized to protect and restore the population of the Bashkir bee (1997). In 2012, it was included in Bashkir Ural Biosphere Reserve. Within the territory of A.S. there is Masim Mountain...
ALPHABET
ALPHABET, a system of graphical characters – letters, conveying the sound image of the language by means of symbols, representing individual sound elements. Bashkirs used family signs before alphabetic writing, they were familiar with runic writing. With the adoption of Islam, the Arabic script began...
ALMUKHAMETOV, Gaziz Salikhovich
ALMUKHAMETOV, Gaziz Salikhovich [29.10.1895, Derevnya Staromuraptalovo of Orenburgsky Uyezd of Orenburg Gub. (Kuyurgazinsky Raion of the RB) — 10.7. 1938, Ufa], Singer (lyric tenor), Composer, Public Figure (music). People’s Artist of the BASSR (1929). Since 1932, he worked at the Ufa Music School and...
ALMUKHAMETOV, Khamit Khuzhiakhmetovich
ALMUKHAMETOV, Khamit Khuzhiakhmetovich, Khamit-sesen [1861, Derevnya Itkulovo 2nd of Verkhneuralsky Uyezd of Orenb. Gub. (now Baymaksky Raion of the RB) — 1923, ibid.] Sesen. A distinguished performer of the Uzunkyuy on kurai and connoisseur of the Bashkir folklore (kubairs, irtyaks). In 1910, at...
ALSHEYEVSKY RAION
ALSHEYEVSKY RAION, located in the SW of the RB. Established on January 31st, 1935. Territory – 2,415 km2. Adm. centre – Selo Rayevsky, which is located 125 km SW of Ufa. Population – 38.4 thous. people (2017). In 2017 the area of agricultural lands amounted to 185 thous. ha (77% of the total area),...
ALYAN
ALYAN, a mountain, a natural monument (2003). Located 4 km W of Selo Abzanovo of Zianchurinsky Raion. Abs. alt. — 359 m. There are caves; the slopes are steep. There are rare species of plants: Astragalus helmii, Stipa korshinskyi, Fritillaria ruthenica, Galatella divaricata, Tulipa Biebersteiniana,...
AMANTAY (Amantayev), Gabdulla Gareyicevh
AMANTAY (Amantayev), Gabdulla Gareyicevh (23.2.1907, Derevnya Verkhne-Kunakbayevo of Orenb. Uyezd of the same name gub. (now Selo Verkhne-Kunakbay of Perevolotsky Raion of Orenb. Obl.) — 10.7.1938), Writer and Philologist. Member of the Union of Writers of the BASSR. Studied in the Khusainiya Madrasa....
AMZINSKY LESOKOMBINAT
AMZINSKY LESOKOMBINAT, AO. Performs the full production cycle: harvesting, mechanical and added-value chemical processing of wood. Produces merchantable wood, lumber, solid wood furniture, board parquet, firewood, trim molding, charcoal, ethyl acetate, wood resin, activated carbon, vinegar acid, etc....
AMIROV, Gilvan Gilmutdinovich
AMIROV, Gilvan Gilmutdinovich (12.5. 1916, Ufa – 1.6.1991, Ibid.), Cameraman. Merited Cultural Worker of the RSFSR (1977), Merited Artist of the BASSR (1948). Completed a training course at the Vostokkino Yalta Film Factory (1932). Between 1933–41, he worked as an assistant cameraman at the Ufa Newsreel...
AMIROV, Mubarakyan Vasfiyevich
AMIROV, Mubarakyan Vasfiyevich [3.7. 1886, Derevnya Burayevo of Birsky Uyezd of Ufa Gub. (Burayevsky Raion of the RB) – 7.3.1968, Ufa], Librarian, Bibliographer. After graduating from the Gusmaniya madrassa (Ufa, 1906), he worked as a teacher at rural schools. Since 1911 – worked at Shark...
ANIMATED FILMS
ANIMATED FILMS, a type of cinema art works which are created by phase-by-stage shooting of drawings and three-dimensional compositions. In Bashkortostan, the first animated film was shot in 1967 by A.M.Valeyev (The Adventures of Petya Petrushin, a puppet film). In the 1980s, animated films were made,...
F.GASKAROV’ FOLK DANCE ENSEMBLE
F.GASKAROV’ FOLK DANCE ENSEMBLE, State Academic Body of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Founded in 1938 in Ufa, it was named after the founder and the first art director F.A.Gaskarov in 1988. Initially, the repertoire was based on works that reproduced the choreography of the Bashkir folk dance:...
ANTHROPOLOGICAL TYPES
ANTHROPOLOGICAL TYPES, a system of inherited human features, characteristic of a certain group of people. A.t. are formed as a result of racogenesis and ethnogenesis. As a result of a research, there are 4 basic A.t. of Bashkirs: Sub-Ural, Pontian, Light Europeoid, South Siberian. The Sub-Ural type...
APITHERAPY
APITHERAPY, the treatment by means of beekeeping products. The medicinal drugs based on bee-keeping products contain amino acids, biologically active agents, vitamins, etc, which enhance immunity and metabolic processes, possess protective properties. There are several primary treatment options, such...
PHARMACIES
PHARMACIES, the healthcare institutions that manufacture, store and dispense drugs, hygiene products and other medical supplements. In 1787 the first private P. owned by B.Miller was opened in Ufa, in 1807 – government-owned. The development of pharmacy network and pharmacy as a field of economy was...
