Список материалов
AQUATIC ANIMALS
AQUATIC ANIMALS, the animals, who live their whole life or part of it (at the stage of larva) in water. Some of them are attached to the substrate (spounges, some Gastropoda and bivalve mollusc species), others are mobile, live in water depths (fishes, amphibians larvae and dragonflies) or at the bottom...
APPLE
APPLE, a plant genus of the Rosaceae family. There are 25—30 species known. Forest A. grows in the RB. It grows in broad-leaved forests, on forest edges, forest glades, occasionally occurs in Bakalinsky, Dyurtyulinsky, Karaidelsky, Kugarchinsky and Ufimsky raions. Listed in The Red List of the RB. Domesticated...
APODIFORMES
APODIFORMES, an order of birds. There are 11 families known with more than 69 species. In the RB there is 1 species (black swift) of Apodidae family. It is a migratory bird. Length of their bodies – 16–18 cm, body mass – 0–56 g, wing spread – 42–48 cm. Active during day. It feeds on insects. In Bashkortostan,...
APITHERAPY
APITHERAPY, the treatment by means of beekeeping products. The medicinal drugs based on bee-keeping products contain amino acids, biologically active agents, vitamins, etc, which enhance immunity and metabolic processes, possess protective properties. There are several primary treatment options, such...
ANTITUBERCULOSIS HOSPITAL
ANTITUBERCULOSIS HOSPITAL, the leading republican centre for prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. Located in Ufa. It was founded in 1921. It consist of 8 branches located in Belortsk, Birsk, Ishimbay, Kumertau, Neftekamsk, Oktyabrsky, Salavat, Priyutovo and 3 subbranches in Ufa, an in-patient...
ANTHROPOLOGICAL TYPES
ANTHROPOLOGICAL TYPES, a system of inherited human features, characteristic of a certain group of people. A.t. are formed as a result of racogenesis and ethnogenesis. As a result of a research, there are 4 basic A.t. of Bashkirs: Sub-Ural, Pontian, Light Europeoid, South Siberian. The Sub-Ural type...
ANSERIFORMES
ANSERIFORMES, an order of birds. There are 2 known families and about 150 know species. There are 33 species of Anatidae family in the RB. Waterfowl, migratory birds of large (swans with body length up to 180 cm, and body mass up to 13.6 kg) and medium (common teal with body length up to 38 cm and body...
ANNUAL GRASSES
ANNUAL GRASSES, a group of agricultural plants with a life cycle of a single year. After ripening their seeds the plant dies. Cultivated for hay, green fodder or pasture. They give high yields of herbage, have a fairly high nutritional value. There are legumes (spring and winter vetch, annual clover,...
ANIMATED FILMS
ANIMATED FILMS, a type of cinema art works which are created by phase-by-stage shooting of drawings and three-dimensional compositions. In Bashkortostan, the first animated film was shot in 1967 by A.M.Valeyev (The Adventures of Petya Petrushin, a puppet film). In the 1980s, animated films were made,...
ANIMALS AND BIRDS CULT
ANIMALS AND BIRDS CULT, zoolatry, religious veneration based on the concept of a certain kinship between man and a totem animal or bird, endowing supernatural properties to it (ref. Totemism, Cult of ancestors). Having changed, it partially survived and found reflection in the various aspects of culture.
The...
ANCIENT UFA
ANCIENT UFA, a Republican history and culture museum and reserve. Located in Ufa. Founded in 2011 in order to preserve, popularize and study the Gorodishche Ufa II archeological artifact of federal significance. Dating back to the 4th and 14th centuries AD, this artifact is the main cultural heritage...
AMZINSKY LESOKOMBINAT
AMZINSKY LESOKOMBINAT, AO. Performs the full production cycle: harvesting, mechanical and added-value chemical processing of wood. Produces merchantable wood, lumber, solid wood furniture, board parquet, firewood, trim molding, charcoal, ethyl acetate, wood resin, activated carbon, vinegar acid, etc....
AMPHIBIANS
AMPHIBIANS (Amphibia), a class of vertebrates. There are about 4500 known species. There are tailed and tail less orders of A. with 12 species. They have body length range of 4–12 cm. Adult species eat animal food, while larvae eat small invertebrates and sea weed. A. lead aquatic, paraaquatic and terrestrial...
AMIROV, Mubarakyan Vasfiyevich
AMIROV, Mubarakyan Vasfiyevich [3.7. 1886, Derevnya Burayevo of Birsky Uyezd of Ufa Gub. (Burayevsky Raion of the RB) – 7.3.1968, Ufa], Librarian, Bibliographer. After graduating from the Gusmaniya madrassa (Ufa, 1906), he worked as a teacher at rural schools. Since 1911 – worked at Shark...
AMIROV, Gilvan Gilmutdinovich
AMIROV, Gilvan Gilmutdinovich (12.5. 1916, Ufa – 1.6.1991, Ibid.), Cameraman. Merited Cultural Worker of the RSFSR (1977), Merited Artist of the BASSR (1948). Completed a training course at the Vostokkino Yalta Film Factory (1932). Between 1933–41, he worked as an assistant cameraman at the Ufa Newsreel...
AMBASSADORS OF THE URALS
AMBASSADORS OF THE URALS (Ural Ilselere), the opera by Z.G.Ismagilov in 3 acts based on the drama of I.I.Dilmukhametov Living Land. Written in 1981. The premiere took place on March 30th, 1982 on the stage of the Palace of Culture and Technology of OAO UZEMIK (libretto by Dilmukhametov, music director...
AMATEUR ART GROUPS
AMATEUR ART GROUPS is one of the forms of individual and collective folk art. Implies the creation and execution of art works by amateurs. Participants of the amateur art groups are either members of various art teams under the cultural and leisure institutions, educational institutions and other organizations...
AMANTAY (Amantayev), Gabdulla Gareyicevh
AMANTAY (Amantayev), Gabdulla Gareyicevh (23.2.1907, Derevnya Verkhne-Kunakbayevo of Orenb. Uyezd of the same name gub. (now Selo Verkhne-Kunakbay of Perevolotsky Raion of Orenb. Obl.) — 10.7.1938), Writer and Philologist. Member of the Union of Writers of the BASSR. Studied in the Khusainiya Madrasa....
ALYAN
ALYAN, a mountain, a natural monument (2003). Located 4 km W of Selo Abzanovo of Zianchurinsky Raion. Abs. alt. — 359 m. There are caves; the slopes are steep. There are rare species of plants: Astragalus helmii, Stipa korshinskyi, Fritillaria ruthenica, Galatella divaricata, Tulipa Biebersteiniana,...
ALTYN SOLOK
ALTYN SOLOK (Golden Wild Hive), zoological wildlife reserve of 90.7 thous. ha in the territory of Burzyansky Raion. Organized to protect and restore the population of the Bashkir bee (1997). In 2012, it was included in Bashkir Ural Biosphere Reserve. Within the territory of A.S. there is Masim Mountain...
