Список материалов
CHARADRIIFORMES
CHARADRIIFORMES, an order of birds. There are 11 known families with more than 300 species. There are 49 species of Burhinidae, Scolopacidae, Charadriidae, Glareolidae, Laridae, Recurvirostridae families in the RB. Migratory birds of small (small plover with body length of 15 cm and body mass range...
CRAFTS
CRAFTS, traditional occupations based on manual production. The types and characteristic features of the Bashkir C. were caused by natural and climatic peculiarities of Bashkortostan, traditional forms of economy (wild‑honey farming, agriculture, cattle breeding, etc), everyday life, historical cultural...
CORACIIFORMES
CORACIIFORMES, an order of birds. There are more than 10 families knows, with about 200 species. In the RB there are
3 species from 3 families (Coraciidae, Alcedinidae, and Meropidae). They are migratory birds of small (halcyon with body length up to 19 cm, body mass up to 25–45 g) and average (roller...
CRUSTACEA
CRUSTACEA, a subtype of antropods type. There are 6 classes (Branchiopoda, Cephalocarida, Maxillopoda, Ostracoda, Malacostraca, and Remipedia), and more than 17 orders with over 40,000 species throughout the globe. There are 155 species of 4 classes in the RB. Their body, which is a few mm to 80 cm...
CORVEES
CORVEES (forced labour), are compulsory duties performed by the population at the behest of the state or a landowner. Since ancient times, the main corvee of the Bashkirs was military service (ref. Military Service of the Bashkirs). The increase in the number of C. was one of the reasons for the Bashkir...
CAVES
CAVES, the forms of relief, representing hollow cavities in the upper layers of the earth’s crust, connected with the surface by means of entrance holes. By formation they are divided into natural and artificial caves, by the time of formation they are divided into speleocycles: small — 1.5—2 million...
CANCER HOSPITAL
CANCER HOSPITAL, the leading republican clinical specialized Tumor Treatment Centre in Bashkortostan. Founded in 1945 in Ufa. It consists of 2 polyclinics, the inpatient clinic with thoracic, proctological, gastroenterological, mammological, urological, gynecological, urological, gynecological departments,...
CONVENTIONAL LAW
CONVENTIONAL LAW, a set of rules of conduct (customs), formed in a society as a result of their repeated application. The Bashkir applied the Law along with the Sharia until the beginning of the 20th century. The rules of the C.l. regulated all aspects of life of the Bashkir community, relations with...
CHARM
CHARM, an object endowed with the ability to protect its owner from various disasters and to bring good luck. Amulets, beteu, mascots, plants, different metal objects, etc were used as Ch. (ref. Rituals). The faith of the Bashkirs in the magical power of Ch. goes back to pre‑Islamic beliefs (ref. Animals...
CUPRIFEROUS SANDSTONES
CUPRIFEROUS SANDSTONES, mostly mediumand fine‑grained rocks, composed of copper minerals: chalcosine, bornite, covelline (black copper), chalcopyrite, native copper, etc. C.s. are characteristic of arid lagoon‑delta deposits and are distinguished by greenish‑gray or gray colour against the prevailing...
CONSUMER GOODS INDUSTRY
CONSUMER GOODS INDUSTRY, the total of industries, associated with the production of mainly articles of mass consumption. Apart from ready‑to‑use products, the consumer goods industry produces semifinished products, intermediate products and materials for other enterprises. The RB is represented by textile,...
CULTURAL AND LEISURE INSTITUTIONS
CULTURAL AND LEISURE INSTITUTIONS, provide leisure to the population and create conditions for amateur art grops. In Bashkortostan, cultural and leisure activities are developed by an extensive network of institutions, including city and district palaces of culture and rural clubs. There are libraries,...
CULT OF ANCESTORS
CULT OF ANCESTORS, religious veneration of the souls of the deceased ancestors. With Bashkirs, it was an element of traditional pre‑Islamic beliefs. Having changed, it partially survived and found reflection in the various aspects of culture. Faith in the inextricable connection with ancestors contributed...
CUCULIFORMES
CUCULIFORMES, an order of birds. There are 2 known families with about 150 species, mostly non‑migratory birds. There are 2 species of Cuculidae families in the RB, mostly migratory birds. The oriental cuckoo’s body length range is 30–32 cm, body mass range is 70–150 g, the common cuckoo’s body length...
CONSTITUTION OF THE RB
CONSTITUTION OF THE RB, the basic law, which defines the public and state system, the order and principles of organization of state authorities, and the rights and duties of citizens. The decisions of AllBashkir Constituent Kurultay (December 8—20th, 1917) were of a constitutional significance. The...
CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE RB
CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE RB, a republican body of judicial authority, independently administering justice through constitutional proceedings. Created on March 27th, 1996. It is composed of the Chairman, Deputy Chairman and three judges. The C.C. solves only issues of law; in the implementation of...
CONGRESS HALL TORATAU
CONGRESS HALL TORATAU, an architectural complex located in Ufa. Built according to the project of R.U.Mullagildin (RAUM Architects Ltd.) and Kyokazu Arai (Arai Architects) in 2007 in preparation for the 450th anniversary accession of Bash- kortostan to Russia. It is a four‑level building of complex...
CIVILIANS AND MILITARY PERSONNEL SOCIAL PROTECTION COMMITTEE OF THE RB
CIVILIANS AND MILITARY PERSONNEL SOCIAL PROTECTION COMMITTEE OF THE RB, a public organization established to protect the rights of servicemen called from Bashkortostan and to assist parents and family members of the dead servicemen. Located in Ufa. Founded in 1990, as Bashkir Independent Committee on...
COLLEGES
COLLEGES, specialized educational institutions. In the RF, since the early 1990s, the status of C. has belonged to new or reorganized specialized secondary educational institutions (vocational‑technical schools, the so‑called tekhnikums), implementing programs of vocational education of basic and advanced...
COLLECTIONS OF BOOKS AND MANUSCRIPTS
COLLECTIONS OF BOOKS AND MANUSCRIPTS, collections of handwritten books and early printed books, discovered in the territory of Bashkortostan. In the RB, the C.b.m. are concentrated at the Scientific Library of the Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (over 17.1 thous. items), in...
