Список материалов

HONING MACHINES on modular basis. Designed for metal machining with fine‑grain abrasive or metal bars covered with a diamond‑bearing layer. The bars are pressed against the machined surface by the hone, relative rotary and reciprocal movements (in upgraded machines oscillations are superimposed) of...

HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURES, traditional for Bashkirs, include summer kitchen, barn, pantry, dugout shelter, bath‑house, smoke‑house, etc. The key construction materials were wood, osier, etc; the roof was covered with straw, bark, wooden lath, etc, later — with boards and iron. With the transition to sedentary...

HUNDRED AND TWELFTH BASHKIR CAVALRY DIVISION (16th Guard Chernigov Cavalry Division), formed between January–March 1942, by the Resolution of the State Defense Committee of the USSR, on the Dyoma Railway Station (now within the boarders of Ufa City) as the 112th Bashkir Cavalry Division. Comprised the...

HEAT ENGINEERING. The Bashkirenergo Company (Bashkortostan) put into operation a TPP based on gas reciprocating units; in 1999 a gas turbine unit was integrated for the first time for combined heat and power generation. Since the 1940s, the Beloretsk Metallurgical Plant has produced rolled steel (including...

HEALTH RETREAT CENTERS, the healthcare institutions, providing predominantly natural treatments making use of the climate, mineral waters, mineral muds, etc, physiotherapy, dietetic therapy, physical exercises, pharmacological and other types of treatment, and rest regimen. There are H.r.c. of general...

HANDWRITTEN BOOK, a monument of book culture; a book or a sheet written by hand. The H.b., found in the territory of Bashkortostan, date back to the 16th — early 20th centuries; most of them are written in the Turki of the Ural‑Volga Region. Among the H.b. of religious content (the lists of Koran and...

HOLIDAYS AND COMMEMORATIVE DAYS in the Republic of Bashkortostan, days dedicated  to  outstanding  events  or traditional dates. According to the Law of 1992 On Holidays and  Commemorative Days, Professional Holidays and Other Significant Dates in the Republic of Bash­ kortostan, there are the following...

HOLIDAYS traditional, celebrations, dedicated to a significant day or event. There are traditional and official holidays (ref. Holidays and commemorative days). Нinclude Calendar days related to household activities (completion of sowing works, harvesting, etc), and Muslim holidays, which became popular...

HONORARY  TITLES  OF  THE  RE­ PUBLIC  OF  BASHKORTOSTAN,  the highest form of encouragement of citizens along with State Awards of  the  RB for state construction, development of economy, social sphere, science, culture, art, education, teaching and training, protection of life, health and rights of...

HUNTING, a form of economic activity based on killing and trapping wild animals and birds. It is a traditional business for Bashkirs. Bashkirs H. system derives from the natural and climatic conditions, and economic traditions. There were active (chase, drive, battue, and hitting) and passive (use of...

HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS. There are several types of healthcare institutions, such as hospitals and polyclinics for adults and children, health centers, mothers and child support institutions, blood banks, emergency medical services units, hospitals for war veterans, medical centers, clinics (parts or...

HARNESS, equipment for a horse used for horseback riding or cargo transportation. The Bashkir tradition of H. manufacturing was conditioned by the needs of nomadic economy, the formation and development of soldiering (ref. Bashkirs’ Military service). Wood, leather, and metal were widely used for the...

HORSE BREEDING, horses reproduction and utilization processes; a branch of livestock  breeding.  Bashkortostan  is a region of advanced H.b. Horses are used for agricultural and transportation purposes, in equestrian sports and tourism, in the fields of milk, meat and skin production, as well as for...

HISTORY OF THE BASHKIR LITERATURE, a fundamental edition written by a group of authors in the Bashk. language and published in 6 volumes between 1990—96. The Russian language edition consists of 4 volumes and has been published since 2012. Chief Editor — G.B.Khusainov. The 1st volume is dedicated to...

HISTORY OF THE BASHKIR PEOPLE, a scientific edition in 7 volumes. Prepared in 2009 by the Institute of History, Language and Literature, as well as scholars of the Academy of Sciences of the RB, the Bashkir State University, and other institutions of the RB and the Russian Federation. Chief Editor –...

HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL ENCYCLOPEDIC ATLAS OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN, the 2007 popular scientific reference full-edition issued in Moscow and Ufa. Chief Editor – A.I.Akmanov Scholars of the Academy of Sciences of the RB, the Bashkir State University, the Institute of History, Language and Literature,...

HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CENTRES, branches (2006) of the House of People’s Friendship. Created in the places of compact residence of Bashkirs, Russians, Tatars and other ethnic groups, or in the residential buildings of the historically prominent people. By 2018, 16 H.c.c. had been registered in the...

HISTORY, LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE INSTITUTE, a stand-alone structural unit of the Ufa Federal Research Centre, of the Russian Academy of Sciences (UFRC RAS). Located in Ufa. Established in 1932. In 1980–94 the Institute housed the Ural Peoples Department along with the Archaeological and Ethnographic...

HOLDERS OF THE ORDER OF GLORY OF THE THREE CLASSES. The Order of Glory was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR dated November 8th, 1943, to award the Red Army Private and Sergeant military personnel, in aviation — also Junior Lieutenants. Had three classes,...

HOUSING AND PUBLIC UTILITIES, a complex of enterprises providing for the functioning of utility infrastructure for various buildings in the city, creating convenience and comfort for the people, living and staying in them, by providing them with a wide range of services. They are represented by the...