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ZILIM, landscape natural park of local value of area 38.1 thous. ha in the territory of Gafuriysky Raion. It was organized in order to preserve the unique natural complexes, rare animal and plant species, and to organize recreation and tourism (2005). In the territory of the W.R. there are 68 caves,...

ZILMERDAK (in translation from Bashkir, literally — mountain, flutters, flickers), a ridge. It is extended meridionally from the latitude of the mouth of the Zigaza River to the Inzer River in Beloretsky Raion. Length — 70 km, width — 4—9 km, abs.alt. — 909 m. In the relief, there are rocky and smoothed...

ZIMIN, Mikhail Sergeyevich (b.1.5.1983 in Zlatoust), Athlete. Merited Master of Sports (swimming) of Russia (2012). Awarded with the Order of Friendship (2012). A trainee of the Specialised Children and Youth Sports School of the Olympic Reserve No.18 (Ufa; Coach – I.L.Tveryakov). Champion of the 100...

ZIRAKH, Apollony Aleksandrovich (1855, Buzuluk – 20.11.1919, Ufa), Photographer. Since 1872, he served at the state and administrative institutions of the Samara Gub.; since 1893 at the office of the Construction Directorate of West Siberian Railway; since 1896 – at the Ufa Zemstvo Administration of...

ZLOBIN, Stepan Pavlovich (11.11.1903 in Moscow — 15.9.1965, ibid.), Writer. Between 1924–27, Z. was exiled in Ufa, where he taught at secondary schools and worked as a statistician in the State Planning Committee of the BASSR. Between 1946— 47, Z. returned to Ufa. He wrote: Buyan Island (1948), Stepan...

ZLOTSKY, Semyon Solomonovich (b.10.11.1946 in Odessa), Chemical Technologist. Associate Member of the AS RB (2009), D.Sci. (Chemical Sciences) (1977), Full Professor (1982). Merited Master of Sciences of the RB (2008), Merited Inventor of the BASSR (1989). Laureate of the RB State Award in Science and...

ZORIN, Vladimir Viktorovich (b.26.1. 1953 in Ufa), Organic Chemist. Associate Member of the AS RB (1995), D.Sci. (Chemical Sciences) (1984), Full Professor (1987). Merited Master of Sciences of the RF (1998), Merited Educationalist of the Higher Professional Education System of the RF (2003). Laureate...

ZUBAIROV, Amin (Abdulla) Fakhretdinovich [18.3.1891, Derevnya Ishly of Sterlitamaksky Uyezd of Ufa Gub. (Aurgazinsky Raion of the RB) — 23.5.1963, Ufa], Actor. People’s Artist of the RSFSR (1949) and BASSR (1935). Awarded with the Order of Lenin (1949), Order of the Red Banner of Labour (1944, 1955)....

ZUBAREV, Andrey Sergeyevich (b.3.3.1987 in Ufa), Athlete. Merited Master of Sports (ice hockey) of Russia (2014). Awarded with the Order of Friendship (2018), Order of Honour (2014). A trainee of the Salavat Yulayev Specialised Children and Youth Sports School of the Olympic Reserve (Coach – V.A.Chizhov)....

ZULKARNAYEV, Artur Valeryevich (b.9.6.1995 in Selo Arslanovo of Kiginsky Raion of the RB), Athlete. Master of Sports (Kurash) and Belt Wrestling Russia (both – 2015). A trainee of the Youth Sports School of the Kiginsky Raion (Coach – V.G.Zulkarnayev), Sports School No.14 (Ufa; R.A.Ismagilov). Winner...

ZYULKHIZYA, a Bashk. folk song, uzun-kyuy. First recorded by M.A.Burangulov in the 1920s. Lyric and drama song. The main theme is the story of a tragic fate of a girl who was forcibly married to an old man; the Zulkhiza’s beloved man, longing for her, composes a song. Z. is a two part composition with...

ZAGIR ISMAGILOV INSTITUTE OF ARTS, a state-owned institution located in Ufa. Founded in 1968 (since 2003 — the 15th Academy). Since 2003, it has been named in honour of Z.G.Ismagilov. The Institute comprises 4 departments: Music; Bashk. Music; Theatrical; and Visual Arts). The Institute prepares specialists...

ZAKI VALIDI NATIONAL LIBRARY of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Located in Ufa. Its story began in 1836 from the opening of the first regional public library founded under the Nobility Assembly; in 1960, it was named after N.K.Krupskaya, in 1992 – A.A.Validov. Children’s and Youth Reading Centres are...

ZEOLITES, aluminosilicates of general formula Mex/n[AlxSiyO2(x+y)]*zH2O (where Me – metal, n – the phase of its oxidation, x – the number of aluminum atoms, y – of silicon atoms, z – of water molecules). White, colourless and transparent, rarely reddish and greenish crystals from several cm to microns...

“ZAYNULLA”,  a  Bashkir  ethnic  song, uzun-kuy.  First  registered  by  K.Khammatov from quaray player S. Bikbulatov in 1939 in the Stariy Sibay village, Baymak District, BASSR. It is published in “Bashkort khalk yirdary” by K.F. Akhmetov. The song is lyrical. The poeti­ cal lyrics are a monologue...

ZAKLICHKA is a kind of ritual folklore, appeals to the phenomena, elements to greet and ask for something by means of spells­magical utterances: “Rain, rain, go, go, / May we be safe and sound / May troubles vanish / May the country live in peace” (Bashk.); “Rain, rain, be heavier, / I'll pour a bowl...

“ZALIFAKAY”,  “Z a l i f a”,  a  Bashkir ethnic song, uzun-kuy. The poetic lyrics and the legend were first registered by A. Yarmukhametov in 1925 in the Dengizbayevo village, Samarskaya District (Samarkiy region). It is published  in  the  “Bashkort  aymagy”  collection (1929, № 7), the melody and...

ZARIPOV Nur (Nurmukhamet) Talipovich [15.6.1925 in Derevnya Kuzyanovo, Sterlitamaksky Canton of the BASSR (now Ishimbaysky Raion of the RB) – 6.9.1997 in Ufa] was a  folklorist  and  literary  critic.  Candidate  of Philological Sciences (1964). Participant in the Great  Patriotic War.  Graduated  from...

“ZARIFA”, Bashkir ethnic song, kyska-kuy. The song was registered by S.G. Rybakov from M. Karakaev in 1894 in the Akimbetovo village, Verkhneuralskiy District, Orenburgskaya redion (current Tashbulatovo village, Abzelilovskiy District, RB). It is published in the book “Music and song of the Ural Muslims...

ZARKUM (from Persian – hypocrite, pretender) is an evil demon in Bashkir mythology that looks like an enormous snake. It appears in the epic called “Ural-batyr” as the son of a tsar, Kakhkakhi snake. It does not have mythical magic powers but is cunning and insidious. Z. tries at all costs to hold Khumay...