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FLORICULTURE, the cultivation of herbaceous decorative plants in order to obtain flowers for cutting, planting in parks and gardens, squares, for interior decoration; a branch of plant growing. In Ufa Gub. before the revolution of 1917, F. was practiced mostly by the nobility, merchants, landowners,...

FISHES (Pisces), a superclass of vertebrate subtype. There are two classes of F.: cartilaginous and boney F. There are about 60 known orders with more than 20 thous. species. There are 50 species of Syngnathiformes, Scorpaeniformes, Siluriformes, Gadiformes, Esociformes (represented by 1 species –...

FISH INDUSTRY, a branch of food industry, associated with fishing and the processing of fish, sea animals, whales, marine invertebrates and algae into various types of food, medical, fodder and technical products. The RB is represented by fish processing and fish farming. The largest industry enterprises:...

FISH FARMING, a sector of economy concerned with fish breeding, increase of the amount and quality improvement of fish resources. In Bashkortostan, pasto‑ral, pond, and industrial fish farming are developed. The technology of artificial reproduction of white amur, carp, Siberian sturgeon, silver carp...

FIRST GRAND MOSQUE is situated in Ufa. It was built in 1830 at the request of G.Gabdrakhimov, the Mufti of Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly. Architectural Engineer – I.Myalov. It is administered by the Presidium of the Central Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Russia. This mosque (33.3х22.9х9.7...

FIRST ANCESTOR is a progenitor of mankind, the ancestor of an ethnos, clan or tribe in mythology. Activity of the F.a. took place in mythical (“first”) times. F.a. often takes the function of demiurge, cultural hero. According to the Bashkir mythology, the first human appears from fire and (or)...

FINE ARTS AND FOLKLORE. Folklore is one of the sources of inspiration for artists. Based on folklore art, a master created an art image, reflecting his worldview in his works. A large plethora of works based on folklore motifs was created in the 1920’s–1930’s as a result of expeditions to the...

FINE ARTS, a type of visual arts including painting, graphics and sculpture. The formation of the Bashkir fine arts started at the end of the 19th to early 20th century. Previously, it was restrained by the orthodox Islam, which forbade depicting images of the real world, and therefore, the art tradition...

FILIPPOV, Alexander Pavlovich [7.11.1932, Selo Yumaguzino of Mrakovsky Raion of the BASSR (now Kugarchinsky Raion of the RB) – 15.10.2011, Ufa]. People’s Poet of the RB (2004). Merited Cultural Sector Professional of the RB (1992). Laureate of the Award named after G.Salyam (1974). Awarded with...

FIBRE-OPTIC COMMUNICATION LINE (FOCL), an optical communication line where information signals are transferred through quartz light guides (optical fibres). The first digital multi­ channel of the Republic, FOCL (with a potential capacity of 2400 channels) Ufa–Sterlitamak was commissioned in 1989...

FERIN, Mikhail Alexeyevich (14.12.1907, Torzhok of Tver Gub. – 29.7.1979, Ufa), Industrialist. Candidate of Engineering Science (1947). Hero of Socialist Labour (1957). Merited Master of Sciences and Technology of the RSFSR (1968) and the BASSR (1958), Merited Motor Builder of the USSR (1985). Laureate...

FENCING, a sport involving the use of the sword—йpйe, foil, or sabre. In Bashkortostan, F. developed in Ufa in late 50s of the 20th century. The first F. branch of the Ufa Youth Sports School (now the Sports Skills Development School of the RB) was opened in 1959. In 2011, Ufa Specialized Children...

FEDOROV (Minyuk) Prokhor Aleksandrovich (26.2.1921–17.3.1997), collector of Chuvash folklore. Participant of the Great Patriotic War. He collected and systematized folklore of the Chuvash people of Bashkortostan. Texts of the Chuvash ethnic songs collected by F. in the 1950s-80s are stored in the...

FEATURE FILM, a type of visual artcreated by the cinematographic embodimentof the script by means of the actor’s play, directing, camera action, the creative workof the decorator, composer, etc, as well asworks of graphic and three‑dimensional animation (ref. Animation Cinema). First F.f. on the...

FEAST OF SACRIFICE is a religious ritual to appease and thank deities, ancestors, different host-spirits, etc. It exists in all religions. F.s. is connected with pagan beliefs (see Animism, Totemism). There are bloody [e.g. human (showed in “Ural-batyr” epic or animal) and bloodless sacrifices...

FAZLUTDINOV Ildus Kamilovich (b. 1.4.1975), folklorist, poet, journalist. Candidate of Philology (2005). His research is devoted to the study of ideological and artistic features of oral non-fairytale prose of the Tatars of Bashkortostan, incl. legends and fables, analysis of literary and folklore relationships....

FAYZULLIN, Fanil Saitovich (b.20.5.1942 in Derevnya Novo-Karashidy of Ufimsky Raion of the BASSR), Philosopher, Sociologist. Acad. of the AS RB (1991), D.Phil (1983), Full Professor (1984). Merited Master of Sciences of the BASSR (1985), Merited Specialist of the Higher School of the RF (2003). Graduated...

FARSHATOV Valentin (Gallyamutdin) Dmitrievich (2.12.1910–27.7.1987), folklorist, ethnographer. Participant of the Great Patriotic War. He made a substantial contribution to the collection and publication of folklore of the Trans-Kama Udmurts. In Kaltasinsky and Tatyshlinsky districts of BASSR, Kuyedinsky...

FARRAKHOV, Minikhazi Minivaleyevich [19.3.1931, Selo Yumadybash, Tuymazinsky Raion of the BASSR (Sharansky Raion of the RB) – 1.2.2003, Ufa], Industrialist. Hero of Socialist Labour (1986). Awarded with the Order of Lenin (1971, 1986), the Order of the Red Banner of Labour (1966), and the Order of...

FARMSTANDART–UFAVITA, OAO, a largest enterprise for manufacturing of pharmaceurtical products in the RF (more than 140 names of medications of various pharmacotherapeutical groups and biologically active additives). Located in Ufa. It was founded in 1916 as an enterprise for the release of pastry,...