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PETROLEUM REFINING AND PETROCHEMISTRY INSTITUTE of the RB, GUP. Located inUfa. Established in 1956. Main activities: development of integrated systems for oil and gas liquid refining; oil and associated gas treatment; oil and gas liquid rectification; low capacity petroleum refining facilities; catalytic...

PHARMACIES, the healthcare institutions that manufacture, store and dispense drugs, hygiene products and other medical supplements. In 1787 the first private P. owned by B.Miller was opened in Ufa, in 1807 – government-owned. The development of pharmacy network and pharmacy as a field of economy was...

PEOPLE’S ASSEMBLY OF THE RB, public organization established to preserve and strengthen international harmony in the RB and the Russian Federation. Located in Ufa. Founded in June 2000, by the World Kurultay (Congress) of Bashkirs, Russians Assembly of Bashkortostan, Tatars Congress of Bashkortostan...

POLITICAL REPRESSIONS VICTIMS ASSOCIATION OF THE RB, public association established to protect the rights, dignity and interests of persons subjected to political purges and subsequently rehabilitated citizens and their relatives. Located in Ufa. Established in April, 1991. Member of the Russian Association...

PEOPLE’S ARMED LAW ENFORCEMENT TROOPS (PALET), detachments of the Red Guard in the South Urals. Formed by the Ufa Council of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies in the Summer–Autumn period of 1917. They were first named workers’ militia druzhinas (detachments), whose task was to protect law and order in...

PATRIMONIAL LAW OF THE BASHKIRS, a set of legal norms regulating the possession, use and disposal of land by the Bashkir communal peasants. Goes back to the customary law. P.L.o.t.B. regulated land relationship within the Bashkir society, between the Bashkir holders of patrimonial estate and the State,...

PEA, a plant genus of the Fabaceae family. There are 6—7 species known. In Bashkortostan field P. is being cultivated, which has edible (shell and vegetable) and fodder varieties. Annual herbaceous plant. Blooms in June. Fruit — bean with 3—10 seeds, ripens at the end of July – beginning of August....

PEAR, a plant genus of the Rosaceae family. There are about 60 species known. In the RB the Ussuri P. is being grown in all the agricultural zones. Winter resistent, reproduced by grafting. The highest yield — 150 Cwt/ha (Kushnarenkovskoe Experimental Production Farm, 2009). Fruits are used fresh and...

PALACE OF SPORTS. Located in Ufa. It is part of the Salavat Yulayev hockey club. Built in 1967 and renovated in 2012, it has a large and a small sports arenas. The large arena includes an ice hockey rink, stands for 3,500 seats, a cafй for 80 seats while the small arena also comprises an ice hockey...

PICIFORMES, an order of birds. There are 6 known families with about 400 species. There are 7 P. families in the RB. Non migratory, nomadic and migratory birds of small (small woodpecker with body length up to 18 cm and body mass of about 32 g) and average (black woodpecker with body length up to 49...

  PLACER AND ORE GOLD, 1) mineral of the class of native elements, Au; 2) natural mineral formations containing gold in the quantities, which make it economically expedient to be extracted with the help of modern industrial methods. Placer gold is found in the form of natural alloys with silver (up...

PROCESS LIME. The production of process lime in Bashkortostan was mastered in the 40s at the soda plant, in 1981 – at the lime plant (both – in Sterlitamak). Applied in metallurgy, food and chemical and construction industries, acid waste water neutralization, soil deoxidizing during autumn and spring...

PRODUCT COMPETITIVENESS, the ability of products to compete in the market with similar products of other producers; possession of competitive advantages, i.e. properties, which meet the needs of consumers at high competitive level. The presence of competing products in the region contributes to reducing...

PEASANT WAR OF 1773—75 (Pugachyov Uprising, the 1773—75 Civil War) is Russia’s largest movement of the masses of people in the Middle and Lower Volga, the Southern Urals and Western Siberia territories. Caused by the strengthening of feudal oppression, violation of the South‑Eastern territories population’s...

PEASANT REFORM OF 1861, a reform that abolished serfdom in Russia. In Ufa, the Manifesto on Reform was announced on March 15th, 1861. In Orenburg Gub. personal freedom and property rights were received by landlords peasants (137.4 thous. people), peasants of private mining plants (137.8 thous. people)...

PEASANT LAND BANK, monument of history, architecture and urban planning of the beginning of the 20th century. Located in Ufa (14 Sovetskaya Street). Built by architect Drucker in 1906 (or, according to other data, in 1908 and possibly 1912). It is a two‑story brick building of eclectic style with modern...

PEASANT INSURGENCY OF 1918–21, anti‑Bolshevik peasants uprisings caused by discontent with the policy of the Soviet power, particularly introduction of rigid centralization to the national economy. In Ufa Gub., the first uprisings took place between March—April 1918, in Birsky Uyezd, which was severely...

PEASANT (FARMER) FARM, a union of individuals jointly executing agricultural production activities. In the Republic, there are 6,100 P.(f.)f., their agricultural land area being 692.3 thous. ha (2016). The P.(f.)f. participation rate in the total output increased from 1.1% (2000) to 9.3% (2015). High...

PERENNIAL GRASSES, a group of grasses of Poaceae and Fabaceae families, growing in one location for a number of years. Fabaceae perennial grasses are represented by clover, medick, esparcet, galega, etc. The cereal perennial grasses include quack grass, brome, meadow grass, foxtail, fescue, timothy,...

PEOPLES OF BASHKORTOSTAN. The territory of the modern Bashkortostan in ancient times and the Middle Ages was inhabited by Indo‑Iranian, Finnougric and Turkic tribes. Those, to a varying degree, influenced the formation of ancient Bashkir tribes. The first mention of the Bashkirs living on the terr....