Список материалов

F.GASKAROV’ FOLK DANCE ENSEMBLE, State Academic Body of theRepublicofBashkortostan. Founded in1938 inUfa, it was named after the founder and the first art director F.A.Gaskarov in 1988. Initially, the repertoire was based on works that reproduced the choreography of the Bashkir folk dance: solo performances...

FARMING FIRM, a business engaged in the production, processing and sale of agricultural products. In the RB, among the largest farming firms, are OOO Agrofirm Bayramgul (Uchalinsky Raion) and Nikolaevskaya (Ufimsky Raion), which specialize in the production, pro OOO Agrofirm Fyodorovka, (Khaybullinsky...

F.GASKAROV’  FOLK  DANCE  ENSEMBLE, State Academic Body of the Republic  of  Bashkortostan.  Founded  in 1938 in Ufa, it was named after the founder and the first art director F.A.Gaskarov in 1988. Initially, the repertoire was based on works that reproduced the choreography of the Bashkir folk dance:...

FOREIGN TRADE, import and export of goods and services. The goods from the RB are exported to more than 100 countries of the world; in the region there are about 800 exporting companies. In terms of export volume (in 2017 – 4.3 billion US dollars; as compared to 2016, it decreased by 25.3%), the RB...

FIBRE-OPTIC COMMUNICATION LINE (FOCL), an optical communication line where information signals are transferred through quartz light guides (optical fibres). The first digital multi­ channel of the Republic, FOCL (with a potential capacity of 2400 channels) Ufa–Sterlitamak was commissioned in 1989 (opt....

FUNGI, a kingdom of living organisms. There are more than 100 thous. species known, out of which over 10 thous. inhabit the RB. Some F. in symbiosis with seaweeds form lichens. There are more than 150 species known in the Republic, about 50 are edible F. (white mushroom, red pine mushroom, butter mushroom,...

FOREIGN CAMPAIGNS OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY OF 1813–14, military campaigns (of the Russian, Austrian, Prussian and Swedish troops alliance), which followed the Patriotic War of 1812, against the French army in the Duchy of Warsaw, the German states and France. Ended with the victory of Russia and her allies. The...

FOLK CALENDAR, historically evolved system of organising, counting and regulating days of a year. It helps schedule a sequence of traditional customs, rituals, and holidays, household practices, and to a large extent, religious and folklore practices. The Bashkir F.c., combining the solar and lunar...

FUR FARMING, breeding of valuable fur animals for peltries (fur skins); a branch of livestock breeding. F.f. produce is used for manufacture of furs. The main fur animals bred in Bashkortostan are mink, Arctic fox, silver fox, nutria, ferret, etc. In the 1950s, Uchalinsky Fur Farm bred silver fox, blue...

FOLK GAMES, historically established fun and entertainment activities, sports, dances, song contests and other types of competitions. They entertain and at the same reflect the traditional worldview, beliefs, customs, folklore, social relations and household activities of a people. The Bashkirs F.g....

FINE ARTS, a type of visual arts including painting, graphics and sculpture. The formation of the Bashkir fine arts started at the end of the 19th to early 20th century. Previously, it was restrained by the orthodox Islam, which forbade depicting images of the real world, and therefore, the art tradition...

FODDER CROPS, the plants grown for feeding the animals. F.c. include annual and perennial fodder herbs, forage roots and tubers, fodder melons, silage crops. In the RB, out of annual cereals mohar, Sudan grass, etc. are being cultivated; out of annual legumes — sand vetch, spring vetch, chickling vetch,...

FORESTS, a type of vegetation, represented by numerous plant life forms, among which the primary role belongs to trees. In 2011, the gross timber area was 6.3 million ha, including 5.2 million ha covered by F. The total ratio of the territory covered with F. is 39.9%. In the mountain‑forest zone of...

FORESTS MANAGEMENT, a branch of national economy, which performs the study, accounting, reproduction and protection of forests, forest exploitation regulation, etc. The history of F.m. is closely related to the development of agriculture. The intensive forest exploitation on Bashkortostan territory...

FORESTRY, a branch of plant growing, forest cultivation for production of lumber and other forest products, as well as for using forest’s protective, water regulating, health improving, aesthetic and other economic and social properties. F. forms the basis of forest management. There are 20 forestforming...

FORESTRY ENTERPRISES, forest management enterprises. They are engaged in accounting, reproduction and protection of forests. They organize rational forest usage, improve their breed composition, increase productivity by means of drainage works, sanitary cuttings, reconstruction of low‑value plantations,...

FOLK MUSIC (Musical Folklore), vocal or instrumental music made by the people. Traditionally exists in oral form. The Bashkir F.m. by its origin is largely individual and produced by individual kuraists, yyrau, sesens and other folk performers. The vocal F.m. includes uzun­-kyuy, khalmak­-kyuy, kyska­-kyuy,...

FOLK SINGERS AND MUSICIANS, both the researchers and performers of folk music and poetic heritage. The Bashkir singers and musicians are characterized by the masterful vocal control and playing on folk musical instruments. Their mastery represents a particular school of folk art. A.A.Alyabyev, V.I.Dal,...

FOLK DANCE. In F.d. reflects the ethnic life of the Bashkirs: the peculiarities of work, various rituals and beliefs, their imaginative perception of the surrounding nature, the habits of animals and birds. The most ancient dances were connected with such activities as hunting and also related to the...

FACING STONES, rocks with decorative properties. They have different origin: magmatic (granite, sienites, diorites, gabbro, dolorite, labradorite, tufa, porphyry, etc), sedimentary (limestone, dolomite, sandstone, gypsum), metamorphic (marble, quartzite). The quality of F.s. is determined by their physical...