Список материалов

ORNAMENTATION is relatively short melodical combination of sounds to decorate the melody, make it more expressive, show the skills of a musician. O. includes melismas, tirades, passages, coloraturas, glosses, fiurituras, figurations. O. can be written in notes or marked by the signs of melismatics (forschlags,...

ORAL LITERATURE is one of the main kinds of verbal art (together with folklore and literature), improvised art of professional authors, which was accompanied with musical instrument in the majority of cases. Works of O.l. express the individual worldview, aesthetic ideals, style of particular authors....

OPERA AND BALLET THEATRE, Bashkir state-owned. Opened on December 14th, 1938 in Ufa. The 1st Artistic Managing Dir. and Chief Conductor – P.M.Slavinsky, Dir. and Chief Stage Dir. – B.G.Imashev, ballet master – N.G.Zaytsev, Chief Artist – N.V.Sitnikov, choir master – N.A.Bolotov. Laureate of the RF Government...

ORTHODOXY, one of the main divisions of Christianity. Orthodoxy developed as an Eastern branch of Christianity after AD 395, when the Roman Empire split into Eastern and Western parts. Orthodoxy took shape as a creed after the division of the Christian Church into Catholic, Protestant, and Orthodox,...

ORNAMENTAL STONES, rocks, minerals and mineral aggregates, having decorative, aesthetic and technological properties that determine their utilization in the manufacture of decorative and artistic items and jewelry. Some O.s. are also used as exclusive cladding stones, and vice versa (e.g. marmorized...

OKHLEBININSKAYA CAVE, a natural monument (1965). Located on the right slope of the Belaya River at the Aktash Stow, 3 km E of Derevnya Okhlebinino of Iglinsky Raion. Length – 146 m, depth – 18 m, aver. width – 37 m, aver. height – 4.8 m (max. up to 9 m), area – 5,410 m2, volume – 21,100 m3. The entrance...

ORNAMENT, traditional pattern built on the alternation and combination of geometrical or figurative (plant, zoomorphic, anthropomorphic) elements. O. was widely used by Bashkirs in the decoration of yurts and other dwellings, Bashkir costume, traditional adornments, household implements, sacred objects,...

ORLOV, Viktor Semyonovich [2.4.1929, Derevnya Aleksandrovka of Ufimsky Canton of the BASSR (now Karmaskalinsky Raion of the RB) – 22.9.2002, Ufa], Journalist. Merited Cultural Sector Professional of the RSFSR (1988) and BASSR (1979). Laureate of the Award named after Sh.Khudayberdin (1990). Awarded...

OPTIMEDSERVICE, ZAO. It provides specialized medical care for patients with eye diseases, develops and manufactures medical equipment and materials for eye surgery, devices for contact vision correction. Located in Ufa. Founded in 1993. O. consists of research and production departments, 30 Optic‑Express...

OPERA, a form of musical theatrical art; a musical drama piece based on the synthesis of word, music and stage action. The first Bashkir O. were preceded by the musical comedies and perfor‑mances of troupes Nur, Saiyar, Shirket of the 1910–20s, which included folk and ethnographic images based on rituals,...

OLIMPIYA, a cave, a natural monument (1985). Located on the right bank of the Khazhinovskaya Shida River (tributary of the Seleuk River), 5 km SE of Derevnya Khazinovo of Ishimbaysky Raion. It is an inclined horizontal cave with wells. Length – 1,380 m, depth – 122 m, aver. width – 8.1 m, aver. height...

OKTYABRSKY, a city in the RB. Located on the Ik River (tributary of the Kama River), 185 km to the W of Ufa. Territory – 98.8 km2. Population – 113.8 thous. people (2018). The economy is comprised of mechanical engineering and fuel industry. There are: NGDU Tuymazaneft, PAO ANK Bashneft; enterprises:...

OZNA, OAO (Oktyabrsky). Produces oil, gas and boiler equipment, including the facilities for measuring well production flow, reservoir pressure maintenance systems, oil treatment and pumping. Founded in 1953 as Oktyabrsky Repair Mechanical Plant, since 1983 after association with Nefteavtomatika Plant...

ODK–UFA MOTOR­BUILDING PRODUCTION ASSOCIATION, OAO. The largest manufacturer of aircraft engines in RF. It develops, manufactures and repairs gas turbine engines for military aviation, helicopter units; manufactures equipment for oil and gas industry, etc. It has the following branches: OKB named after...

ODINOKOV, Viktor Nikolayevich (b.22.12.1937 in Klin), Organic Chemist. Associate Member of the AS RB (1991), D.Sci. (Chemical Sciences) (1981), Full Professor (1984). Merited Master of Sciences of the RF (1998), BASSR (1987). Graduated from the Moscow Chemical Technology Institute (1960). Since 1970...

OBSHCHIY SYRT, upland in the SE of the East European Plain. It extends in the territory of Saratov, Samara and Orenburg oblasts; within the territory of the RB, to the south from the Belebey Upland, there are extreme northern spurs of O.S. Length — approx. 500 km, abs. alt. — 405 m (Medvezhy Lob). The...

OBJECTS OF CULTURAL HERITAGE, historical and cultural monuments, real estate objects of value, deemed to have connection with history, archaeology, archi­tecture, urban development, fine art, science and technology, aesthetics, ethnology, anthropology and which are sources of information about the origin...

OBOLENTSEV, Roman Dmitriyevich (1.11.1906, Selo Alekseevka of Kharkov Gub. – 27.10.1968, Kiev), Petrochemist. D.Sci. (Chemical Sciences) (1951), Full Professor (1953). Merited Master of Sciences of the RSFSR (1964), of the BASSR (1957). Graduated from the Leningrad State University (1936). Between 1951–68...

OIL­REFINING INDUSTRY, a branch of fuel industry, associated with oil refining. Produces petroleum products (aromatic hydrocarbons, bitumen, boiler fuel, mineral oils, motor fuel, oil coke, olefins, drying oils, paraffins, tar, solvents, etc). Petroleum products are raw materials for the petrochemical...

OIL PRODUCTION INDUSTRY, a branch of fuel industry. Performs exploration, prospecting, development and operation of oil and gas fields, purification of the extracted oil from water, sulfur, paraffins, etc. Oil is produced in the territory of the RB and the RF. The largest industry enterprises: divisions...